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Selenium Webdriver - JavaScript Executor

Selenium Webdriver can be used to execute JavaScript commands to interact with the html of the elements appearing within a browser on a page with the help of the JavaScriptExecutor interface. Sometimes, the locators available in Selenium Webdriver fail to interact with the elements on a page, in those scenarios we can take the help of the JavaScriptExecutor methods.

Let us discuss some of the methods available in JavaScriptExecutor interface −

  • executeScript method − This method is used to execute JavaScript in a window or frame currently active. It is an anonymous function, supports various data types like WebElements, Long, String, Lists, and Boolean.

  • executeAsyncScript method − It is a multi-threaded approach to execute individual JavaScript tasks on window or frame in currently active. It allows page parsing to continue, optimizing performance and providing great flexibility. This method enables the asynchronous JavaScript to be executed in an optimal way.

Let us see the steps to be performed inorder to run JavaScript commands along with Selenium Webdriver using the JavaScriptExecutor interface.

  • Step 1 − Package import for JavaScriptExecutor.

  • Step 2 − Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface.

  • Step 3 − Calling the JavaScriptExecutor methods.

Syntax

import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
j.executeScript(script, args);

Example

Let us take an example of the below page, where we would launch an application with a URL − https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/

Then, get the text: Selenium - Automation Practice Form, and domain as www.tutorialspoint.com. Next we would enter the text Selenium in the input box beside the Name label.

Selenium JavaScript Executor 1

Then, we would click on the Login button, after which we would be navigated to another page having a text as Welcome, Login In. Finally, we would refresh the browser and again obtain the text, URL and domain as Welcome, Login In, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/ and www.tutorialspoint.com respectively.

Selenium JavaScript Executor 2

Syntax

Syntax with JavaScriptExecutor −

// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();       

// Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface.
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

// launching a URL
j.executeScript("window.location
   ='https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php'");

// getting current URL
String url =  j.executeScript("return document.URL;").toString();
System.out.println("Getting the current URL: " + url);

//identify text
WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/header/div[2]/h1"));

// get text
String text = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", t);
System.out.println("Text is: " + text);

// getting current domain
String domain = j.executeScript("return document.domain;").toString();
System.out.println("Getting the current domain: " + domain);

// enter text in input box
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']"));
j.executeScript("arguments[0].value='Selenium';", e);

// get text entered
String text1 = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].value", e);
System.out.println("Entered text is: " + text1);

// perform click
WebElement b = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='collapseTwo']/div/ul/li[2]/a"));
j.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", b);

// identify text
WebElement w = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='signInForm']/h1"));

// get text after click
String text2 = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", w);
System.out.println("Text found after clicking: " + text2);

// refresh browser
j.executeScript("history.go(0)");

Code Implementation on JavaScriptsExe.java class file.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class JavaScriptsExe {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 25 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(25, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface.
      JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
	  
      // launching a URL
      j.executeScript("window.location
         ='https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php'");

      // getting current URL
      String url =  j.executeScript("return document.URL;").toString();
      System.out.println("Getting the current URL: " + url);

      //identify text
      WebElement t = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/header/div[2]/h1"));

      // get text
      String text = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", t);
      System.out.println("Text is: " + text);

      // getting current domain
      String domain = j.executeScript("return document.domain;").toString();
      System.out.println("Getting the current domain: " + domain);

      // enter text in input box
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']"));
      j.executeScript("arguments[0].value='Selenium';", e);

      // get text entered
      String text1 = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].value", e);
      System.out.println("Entered text is: " + text1);

      // perform click
      WebElement b = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='collapseTwo']/div/ul/li[2]/a"));
      j.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", b);

      //identify text
      WebElement w = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='signInForm']/h1"));

      // get text after click
      String text2 = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", w);
      System.out.println("Text found after clicking: " + text2);

      // refresh browser
      j.executeScript("history.go(0)");

      // getting current URL after browser refresh
      String url1 =  j.executeScript("return document.URL;").toString();
      System.out.println("Getting the current URL after browser refresh: " + url1);

      //identify text again after refresh
      WebElement y = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='signInForm']/h1"));

      // get text after refresh
      String text3 = (String) j.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", y);
      System.out.println("Text found after refresh: " + text3);

      // getting current domain after browser refresh
      String domain1 = j.executeScript("return document.domain;").toString();
      System.out.println("Getting the current domain after browser refresh: " + domain1);

      // Quitting browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Getting the current URL:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php
Text is: Selenium - Automation Practice Form
Getting the current domain: www.tutorialspoint.com
Entered text is: Selenium
Text found after clicking: Welcome, Login In
Getting the current URL after browser refresh:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/login.php
Text found after refresh: Welcome, Login In
Getting the current domain after browser refresh:
www.tutorialspoint.com

Process finished with exit code 0

In the above example, we had launched a URL and obtained the current URL with the message in the console − Getting the current URL: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/

Then retrieved the text and domain with the message in the console Text is: Selenium - Automation Practice Form and Getting the current domain: www.tutorialspoint.com respectively.

Next, we entered the text Selenium in an input box and retrieved its value with the message in the console - Entered text is: Selenium. Then, we clicked the Login link and got the text after navigation with the message in console: Text found after clicking: Welcome, Login In. Finally, we had refreshed the page and obtained current URL, text and domain of the page with the messages in the console - Getting the current URL after browser refresh: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/

Text found after refresh: Welcome, Login In, and Getting the current domain after browser refresh: www.tutorialspoint.com respectively.

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Example

Let us now discuss how to perform a scroll down to the bottom of a web page with the help of scrollTo method and get the button Login appearing at that page bottom as shown in the below image. The scrollTo method takes two parameters - horizontal and vertical vertices.

Selenium JavaScript Executor 3

Syntax

Syntax to scroll down to page bottom −

JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
javascriptExecutor.executeScript
   ("window.scrollBy(0,document.body.scrollHeight)");

Code Implementation on PageDownsScroll.java class file.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class PageDownsScroll {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 12 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(12, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      //Opening the webpage where we will perform the scroll
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");


      // JavascriptExecutor to scrolling to page bottom
      JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
      javascriptExecutor.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,document.body.scrollHeight)");

      // access element at page bottom after scrolling
      WebElement w = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='practiceForm']/div[11]/input"));
      System.out.println("Verify element presence after scroll down: " + w.isDisplayed());

      // quitting the browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Verify element presence after scroll down: true

Process finished with exit code 0

Example

Let us take an example of the below page where we would create an alert on a webpage using JavaScriptExecutor and obtain the text Tutorialspoint.

Selenium JavaScript Executor 4

Syntax

// Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface.
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

//  create an Alert
j.executeScript("alert('Tutorialspoint!!!');");

Code Implementation on JavaScriptAlert.java class file.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;

public class JavaScriptAlert {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
   
      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 20 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface.
      JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

      //  create an Alert
      j.executeScript("alert('Tutorialspoint!!!');");

      // switch driver context to alert
      Alert alrt = driver.switchTo().alert();

      // Get alert text
      String s = alrt.getText();
      System.out.println("Alert text is: " + s);

      // Quitting browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Alert text is: Tutorialspoint!!!

Process finished with exit code 0

In the above example, we had created an alert and obtained its text with the message in the console - Alert text is: Tutorialspoint!!!

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Example

Let us take another example of the below page, where would check the checkbox to select the Main Level 2 option with the help of JavaScript Executor −

Selenium JavaScript Executor 5

Syntax

// Initiate the Webdriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
WebElement chkbox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));
j.executeScript("document.getElementsByName('<value of name>')[0].checked=true;");

// check if checkbox is selected
System.out.println("Checkbox is selected: " + chkbox.isSelected());

Code Implementation on JavaScriptHandlesCheckbox.java class file.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;

public class JavaScriptHandlesCheckbox {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 20 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Creating a reference variable JavaScriptExecutor interface
      JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

      // Opening the webpage where we will check checkbox
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/check-box.php");

      // identify checkbox with xpath
      WebElement chkbox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='c_bs_2']"));

      // check the checkbox
      j.executeScript("document.getElementById('c_bs_2').checked=true;");

      // check if checkbox is selected
      System.out.println("Checkbox is selected: " + chkbox.isSelected());

      // Quitting browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Checkbox is selected: true

Process finished with exit code 0

In the above example, we had checked a checkbox and validated if it is checked with the message in the console - Checkbox is selected: true

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

In this tutorial, we had discussed how to use JavaScriptExecutor using Selenium Webdriver.

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