Selenium WebDriver - Multi Windows Testing

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Selenium Webdriver can be used to handle multi-windows testing. All windows launched are identified by a unique identifier for a session. As another window opens, the context of the driver continues on the parent window. To execute tasks on a child window, the context of the driver needs to be shifted from the parent to the child.

Basic Methods to Handle Multiple Windows in Selenium

There are various methods in Selenium that can be used to automate tests dealing with multiple windows. To work on the child windows, the driver context needs to be shifted from the parent window to the child windows.

Example 1

In the below page, click on New Tab.

Post clicking the New Tab, we would move to another tab with text New Tab.

Code Implementation

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TabsHandling {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage with new tab
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/browser-windows.php");

      // click link then navigate to next tab
      WebElement b = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/button[1]"));
      b.click();

      // Get original window handle id
      String oW = driver.getWindowHandle();
      
      // get every windows handle ids
      Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();

      // loop through all window handles
      for (String w : windows) {
         if(!oW.equalsIgnoreCase(w)) {
         
            // switch to the child tab
            driver.switchTo().window(w);
            
            // get element in new tab
            WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/h1"));
            System.out.println("Text in new tab: " + e.getText());
            break;
         }
      }
      // quit the browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Text in new tab is: New Tab

Process finished with exit code 0

Here, we had obtained the text on the newly opened tab and got the message in the console - Text in new tab: New Tab.

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Example 2

In the below page, click on New Window Message.

Post clicking the New Window Message, we would move to another window with text New Window Message.

Close the new window, shift back to the original window, and obtain the text - Browser Windows there. At last, quit the session.

Code Implementation

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class WindowsOpen {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 20 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage to open a new window
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/browser-windows.php");

      // click link to next window
      WebElement b =  driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/button[3]"));
      b.click();

      // Obtain original window handle id
      String oW = driver.getWindowHandle();

      // obtain all opened windows handle ids
      Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();

      // Loop through all window handles
      for (String w : windows) {
         if(!oW.equalsIgnoreCase(w)) {
         
            // switch to child window
            driver.switchTo().window(w);
            
            // get element in new window
            WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/h1"));
            System.out.println("Text in new window: " + e.getText());
            driver.close();
            break;
         }
      }

      // switch to parent window
      driver.switchTo().window(oW);

      // get element in parent window
      WebElement e1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/h1"));
      System.out.println("Text in parent window: " + e1.getText());

      // quit browser session
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Text in new window: New Window Message
Text in parent window: Browser Windows

Here, we had captured text on the new window and got the message in the console - Text in new window: New Window Message. Then, we ended the child window and moved back to the parent window. At last, we had obtained text on the parent window in the console - Text in parent window: Browser Windows.

Thus there is a minor difference between close() and quit() methods. The close() method only closes the active browser window, and the quit() method terminates all the opened browser windows at the same time.

Example 3

From the version 4, we can open a new window using the below method −

driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)

Open an application in a browser window, and obtain text - Check Box as shown in the below image −

Then open another new window and launch a different application with text - Radio Button.

Code Implementation

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.WindowType;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class NewWindowOpen {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 12 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(12, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Open a webpage in first window
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/check-box.php");

      // get text in first window 
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/h1"));
      System.out.println("Text: " + e.getText());

      // Initiate the another Webdriver
      WebDriver newDriver = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);

      // Opening another webpage in second window
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/radio-button.php");

      // get text in second window 
      WebElement e1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/form/h1"));
      System.out.println("Text in new window: " + e1.getText());

      // quit the browser session
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Text: Check Box

Text in new window: Radio Button

Here, we had captured text in the first window with the message in the console - Text: Check Box. Then opened another new window to launch an application there. At last, we had obtained text in the new window with a message in the console - Text in new window: Radio Button.

Example 4

From the version 4, we can open a new tab using the below method −

driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB)

Open an application in a browser, and obtain text - Check Box as shown in the below image −

Then open another new tab and launch a different application with text - Radio Button.

Code Implementation

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.WindowType;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class NewTabsOpen {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Open a webpage in first window
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/check-box.php");

      // get text in first window 
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/h1"));
      System.out.println("Text: " + e.getText());

      //  Initiate the another Webdriver
      WebDriver newDriver = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);

      // Open a webpage in new tab
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/radio-button.php");

      // obtain text in other tab
      WebElement e1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/main/div/div/div[2]/form/h1"));
      System.out.println("Text in other tab: " + e1.getText());

      // quit the browser session
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Text: Check Box
Text in other tab: Radio Button

Here, we had captured the text in the first window with the message in the console - Text: Check Box. Then opened another new tab to launch an application there. Atlast, we obtained text in the new tab with the message in the console - Text in other tab: Radio Button.

Conclusion

This concludes our comprehensive take on the tutorial on Selenium Webdriver Multi Windows Testing. Weve started with describing basic methods to handle multiple windows in Selenium, and walked through examples on how to handle multiple windows with Selenium Webdriver. This equips you with in-depth knowledge of the Selenium Webdriver - Multi Windows Testing. It is wise to keep practicing what youve learned and exploring others relevant to Selenium to deepen your understanding and expand your horizons.