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JavaScript - ECMAScript 2021

The ECMAScript 2021 standard was released in 2021. ECMAScript 2021 brought many notable features to JavaScript. The introduction of the String replaceAll() method simplified global string replacement. Logical Assignment Operators, (&&=, ||=, and ??=), enhanced code conciseness. This update focused on improving developer productivity and code readability.

This chapter will discuss all the newly added features in ECMAScript 2021.

New Features Added in ECMAScript 2021

Here are the new methods, features, etc., added to the ECMAScript 2021 version of JavaScript.

  • Numeric Separators (_)
  • Promise any() method
  • String replaceAll() method
  • Logical AND Assignment Operator (&&=)
  • Logical OR Assignment (||=)
  • Nullish Coalescing Assignment (??=)

Here, we have explained each feature in detail.

Numeric Separators (_)

ECMAScript 2021 introduced numeric separators. The numeric seprators are used to make the number more readable.

Example

We added a numeric separator in the code below to make the number more readable.

<html>
<body>
   <div id = "output">The value of the num is: </div>
   <script>
      let num = 90_00_000;
      document.getElementById("output").innerHTML +=  num;
   </script>
</body>
</html>

Output

The value of the num is: 9000000

Promise any()Method

ECMAScript 2021 introduced Promise any() method. The promise.any() method fulfills any promise from the array of promises, which resolves at the earliest.

Example

In the below code, we have created multiple promises and passed them as an argument of the Promise.any() method.

We have resolved the promise1 and rejected the promise2. For the Promise.any() method, JavaScript control goes into the then() block as promise1 gets resolved.

<html>
<body>
   <div id = "demo"> </div>
   <script>
      const output = document.getElementById("demo");
      const promise1 = new Promise((res, rej) => res());
      const promise2 = new Promise((res, rej) => rej());
      const promises = [promise1, promise2];

      Promise.any(promises)
         .then(() => {
            output.innerHTML += 'One or more promises are resolved!';
         })
         .catch((err) => {
            output.innerHTML += 'All promises are rejected:' + err;
         });
   </script>
</body>
</html>

Output

One or more promises are resolved!

String replaceAll() Method

The ECMAScript 2021 introduced String replaceAll() method to the Strings. The string replaceAll() method is used to replace the particular substring with another substring.

The replaceAll() method takes either string or regular expression as a parameter.

Example

In the below code, we have replaced the lowercase 'a' with the uppercase 'A' using the replaceAll() method.

<html>
<body>
   <div id = "output1">Original string is: </div>
   <div id = "output2">Updated string is: </div>
   <script>
      let str = "abcd abcd abcd abcd";
      document.getElementById("output1").innerHTML += str;
      let updatedStr = str.replaceAll("a", "A");
      document.getElementById("output2").innerHTML += updatedStr;
   </script>
</body>
</html>

Output

Original string is: abcd abcd abcd abcd
Updated string is: Abcd Abcd Abcd Abcd

Logical AND Assignment Operator (&&=) Operator

ECMAScript 2021 introduced the logical assignment operators (&&=, ||= and ??=) to the operators. The JavaScript logical AND Assignment operator updates the value of the first operand with the second operand if the first operand is true.

Example

In the code below, the str string's value is not falsy. So, it updates the value of an str variable with 'Hi'.

<html>
<body>
   <div id = "output">The value of the str is: </div>
   <script>
      let str = "Hello";
      str &&= "Hi";
      document.getElementById("output").innerHTML += str;
   </script>
</body>
</html>

Output

The value of the str is: Hi

Logical OR Assignment (||=) Operator

ECMAScript 2021 introduced the logical OR Assignment operator to operators. It updates the value of the first operand with the second operand if the first operand is false.

Example

In the code below, the initial value of the str is false. So, the Logical OR assignment operator updates its value with the second operand, which is 10.

<html>
<body>
   <div id = "output">The value of the str is: </div>
   <script>
      let str = false;
      str ||= 10;
      document.getElementById("output").innerHTML += str;
   </script>
</body>
</html>

Output

The value of the str is: 10

Nullish Coalescing Assignment (??=) Operator

The ECMAScript 2021 introduced the nullish coalescing assignment operator to operators. This operator updates the value of the left operand if it is undefined or null.

Example

In the below code, the value of the str variable is null. So, the nullish coalescing assignment operator assigns the 'default' value to the str variable.

<html>
<body>
   <div id = "output">The value of the str is: </div>
   <script>
      let str = null;
      str ??= "default";
      document.getElementById("output").innerHTML += str;
   </script>
</body>
</html>

Output

The value of the str is: default

Warning – Some of the above features are not supported by some browsers. So, you can use the polyfill to avoid errors.

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