jstat - Unix, Linux Command

NAME

jstat - Java Virtual Machine statistics monitoring tool

SYNOPSIS

jstat [ generalOption | outputOptions vmid [interval[s|ms] [count]] ]

DESCRIPTION

The jstat tool displays performance statistics for an instrumented HotSpot Java virtual machine (JVM). The target JVM is identified by its virtual machine identifier, or vmid option described below.

NOTE - This utility is unsupported and may or may not be available in future versions of the J2SE SDK. It is currently not available on Windows 98 and Windows ME platforms.

VIRTUAL MACHINE IDENTIFIER

The syntax of the vmid string largely corresponds to the syntax of a URI:

[protocol:][//]lvmid[@hostname][:port][/servername]

Tag	Description
protocol	The communications protocol. If the protocol is omitted and a hostname is not specified, the default protocol is a platform specific optimized local protocol. If the protocol is omitted and a hostname is specified, then the default protocol is rmi.
lvmid	The local virtual machine identifier for the target JVM. The lvmid is a platform-specific value that uniquely identifies a JVM on a system. The lvmid is the only required component of a virtual machine identifier. The lvmid is typically, but not necessarily, the operating system’s process identifier for the target JVM process. You can use the jps command to determine the lvmid. Also, you can determine lvmid on Unix platforms with the ps command, and on Windows with the Windows Task Manager.
hostname	A hostname or IP address indicating the target host. If hostname is omitted, then the target host is the local host.
port	The default port for communicating with the remote server. If the hostname is omitted or the protocol specifies an optimized, local protocol, then port is ignored. Otherwise, treatment of the port parameter is implementation specific. For the default rmi protocol, the port indicates the port number for the rmiregistry on the remote host. If port is omitted, and protocol indicates rmi, then the default rmiregistry port (1099) is used.
servername	The treatment of this parameter depends on implementation. For the optimized local protocol, this field is ignored. For the rmi protocol, it represents the name of the RMI remote object on the remote host.

PARAMETERS

Tag	Description
generalOption	A single general command-line option (-help, -options, or -version)
outputOptions	One or more output options, consisting of a single statOption, plus any of the -t, -h, and -J options.
vmid	Virtual machine identifier, a string indicating the target Java virtual machine (JVM). The general syntax is

Tag

Description

[protocol:][//]lvmid[@hostname[:port]/servername

The syntax of the vmid string largely corresponds to the syntax of a URI. The vmid can vary from a simple integer representing a local JVM to a more complex construction specifying a communications protocol, port number, and other implementation-specific values. See Virtual Machine Identifier below for details.

Tag	Description
interval[s\|ms]	Sampling interval in the specified units, seconds (s) or milliseconds (ms). Default units are milliseconds. Must be a positive integer. If specified, jstat will produce its output at each interval.
count	Number of samples to display. Default value is infinity; that is, jstat displays statistics until the target JVM terminates or the jstat command is terminated. Must be a positive integer.

OPTIONS

The jstat command supports two types of options, general options and output options. General options cause jstat to display simple usage and version information. Output options determine the content and format of the statistical output.

NOTE- All options, and their functionality are subject to change or removal in future releases.

GENERAL OPTIONS

If you specify one of the general options, you cannot specify any other option or parameter.

Tag	Description
-help	Display help message.
-version	Display version information.
-options	Display list of statistics options. See the Output Options section below.

OUTPUT OPTIONS

If you do not specify a general option, then you can specify output options. Output options determine the content and format of jstat’s output, and consist of a single statOption, plus any of the other output options (-h, -t, and -J). The statOption must come first.

Output is formatted as a table, with columns are separated by spaces. A header row with titles describes the columns. Use the -h option to set the frequency at which the header is displayed. Column header names are generally consistent between the different options. In general, if two options provide a column with the same name, then the data source for the two columns are the same.

Use the -t option to display a time stamp column, labeled Timestamp as the first column of output. The Timestamp column contains the elapsed time, in seconds, since startup of the target JVM. The resolution of the time stamp is dependent on various factors and is subject to variation due to delayed thread scheduling on heavily loaded systems.

Use the interval and count parameters to determine how frequently and how many times, respectively, jstat displays its output.

NOTE- You are advised not to write scripts to parse jstat’s output since the format may change in future releases. If you choose to write scripts that parse jstat output, expect to modify them for future releases of this tool.

Tag	Description
-statOption	Determines the statistics information that jstat displays. The following table lists the available options. Use the -options general option to display the list of options for a particular platform installation.

Option	Displays...
class	Statistics on the behavior of the class loader
compiler	Statistics on the behavior of the HotSpot Just-In-Time compiler
gc	Statistics on the behavior of the garbage collected heap
gccapacity	Statistics of the capacities of the generations and their corresponding spaces.
gccause	Summary of garbage collection statistics (same as -gcutil), with the cause of the last and current (if applicable) garbage collection events.
gcnew	Statistics of the behavior of the new generation.
gcnewcapacity	Statistics of the sizes of the new generations and its corresponding spaces.
gcold	Statistics of the behavior of the old and permanent generations.
gcoldcapacity	Statistics of the sizes of the old generation.
gcpermcapacity	Statistics of the sizes of the permanent generation.
gcutil	Summary of garbage collection statistics.
printcompilation	Summary of garbage collection statistics.

Tag	Description
-h n	Display a column header every n samples (output rows), where n is a positive integer. Default value is 0, which displays the column header above the first row of data.
-t n	Display a timestamp column as the first column of output. The timestamp is the the time since the start time of the target JVM.
-JjavaOption	Pass javaOption to the java application launcher. For example, -\J-Xms48m sets the startup memory to 48 megabytes. For a complete list of options, see java(1).

STATOPTIONS AND OUTPUT

The following tables summarize the columns that jstat outputs for each statOption.

Tag	Description
-class Option	Class Loader Statistics

Column	Description
Loaded	Number of classes loaded
Bytes	Number of Kbytes loaded
Unloaded	Number of classes unloaded
Bytes	Number of Kbytes unloaded
Time	Time spent performing class load and unload operations

Tag

Description

-compiler Option

HotSpot Just-In-Time Compiler Statistics

Column	Description
Compiled	Humber of compilation tasks performed
Failed	Number of compilation tasks that failed
Invalid	Number of compilation tasks that were invalidated
Time	Time spent performing compilation tasks
FailedType	Compile type of the last failed compilation
FailedMethod	Class name and method for the last failed compilation

-gc Option

Garbage-collected heap statistics

Column	Description
SOC	Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1C	Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
S0U	Survivor space 0 utilization (KB).
S1U	Survivor space 1 utilization (KB).
EC	Current eden space capacity (KB).
EU	Eden space utilization (KB).
OC	Current old space capacity (KB).
OU	Old space utilization (KB).
PC	Current permanent space capacity (KB).
PU	Permanent space utilization (KB).
YGC	Number of young generation GC Events.
YGCT	Young generation garbage collection time.
FGC	Number of full GC events.
FGCT	Full garbage collection time.
GCT	Total garbage collection time.

-gccapacity Option

Memory Pool Generation and Space Capacities

Column	Description
NGCMN	Minimum new generation capacity (KB).
NGCMX	Maximum new generation capacity (KB).
NGC	Current new generation capacity (KB).
S0C	Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1C	Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
EC	Current eden space capacity (KB).
OGCMN	Minimum old generation capacity (KB).
OGCMX	Maximum old generation capacity (KB).
OGC	Current old generation capacity (KB).
OC	Current old space capacity (KB).
PGCMN	Minimum permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGCMX	Maximum Permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGC	Current Permanent generation capacity (KB).
PC	Current Permanent space capacity (KB).
VGC	Number of Young generation GC Events.
FGC	Number of Full GC Events.

-gccause Option

This option displays the same summary of garbage collection statistics as the -gcutil option, but includes the causes of the last garbage collection event and (if applicable) the current garbage collection event. In addition to the columns listed for -gcutil, this option adds the following columns:

Column	Description
LGCC	Cause of last Garbage Collection.
GCC	Cause of current Garbage Collection.

-gcnew Option

New Generation Statistics

Column	Description
SOC	Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1C	Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
S0U	Survivor space 0 utilization (KB).
S1U	Survivor space 1 utilization (KB).
TT	Tenuring threshold.
MTT	Maximum tenuring threshold.
DSS	Desired survivor size (KB).
EC	Current eden space capacity (KB).
EU	Eden space utilization (KB).
VGC	Number of young generation GC events.
VGCT	Young generation garbage collection time.

-gcnewcapacity Option

New Generation Space Size Statistics

Column	Description
NGCMN	Minimum new generation capacity (KB).
NGCMX	Maximum new generation capacity (KB).
NGC	Current new generation capacity (KB).
S0CMX	Maximum survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S0C	Current survivor space 0 capacity (KB).
S1CMX	Maximum survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
S1C	Current survivor space 1 capacity (KB).
ECMX	Maximum eden space capacity (KB).
EC	Current eden space capacity (KB).
YGC	Number of young generation GC events.
FGC	Number of Full GC Events.

-gcold Option

Old and Permanent Generation Statistics

Column	Description
PC	Current permanent space capacity (KB).
PU	Permanent space utilization (KB).
OC	Current old space capacity (KB).
OU	Old space utilization (KB).
YGC	Number of young generation GC events.
FGC	Number of Full GC events.
FGCT	Full garbage collection time.
GCT	Total garbage collection time.

-gcoldcapacity Option

Old Generation Statistics

Column	Description
OGCMN	Minimum old generation capacity (KB).
OGCMV	Maximum old generation capacity (KB).
OGC	Current old generation capacity (KB).
OC	Current old space capacity (KB).
YGC	Number of young generation GC events.
FGC	Number of Full GC events.
FGCT	Full garbage collection time.
GCT	Total garbage collection time.

-gcpermcapacity Option

Permanent Generation Statistics

Column	Description
PGCMN	Minimum permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGCMX	Maximum permanent generation capacity (KB).
PGC	Current permanent generation capacity (KB).
PC	Current permanent space capacity (KB).
YGC	Number of young generation GC events.
FGC	Number of Full GC events.
FGCT	Full garbage collection time.
GCT	Total garbage collection time.

-gcutil Option

Summary of Garbage Collection Statistics

Column	Description
S0	Survivor space 0 utilization as a percentage of the space’s current capacity.
S1	Survivor space 1 utilization as a percentage of the space’s current capacity.
E	Eden space utilization as a percentage of the space’s current capacity.
O	Old space utilization as a percentage of the space’s current capacity.
P	Permanent space utilization as a percentage of the space’s current capacity.
YGC	Number of young generation GC events.
YGCT	Young generation garbage collection time.
FGC	Number of Full GC events.
FGCT	Full garbage collection time.
GCT	Total garbage collection time.

-printcompilation Option

HotSpot Compiler Method Statistics

Column	Description
Compiled	Number of compilation tasks performed.
Size	Number of bytes of bytecode for the method.
Type	Compilation type.
Method	Class name and method name identifying the compiled method. Class name uses "/" instead of "." as namespace separator. Method name is the method within the given class. The format for these two fields is consistent with the HotSpot - XX:+PrintComplation option.

EXAMPLES

This section presents some examples of monitoring a local JVM with a lvmid of 21891.

Using the gcutil option

This example attaches to lvmid 21891 and takes 7 samples at 250 millisecond intervals and displays the output as specified by the -gcutil option.

jstat -gcutil 21891 250 7
  S0     S1     E      O      P     YGC    YGCT    FGC    FGCT     GCT
 12.44   0.00  27.20   9.49  96.70    78    0.176     5    0.495    0.672
 12.44   0.00  62.16   9.49  96.70    78    0.176     5    0.495    0.672
 12.44   0.00  83.97   9.49  96.70    78    0.176     5    0.495    0.672
  0.00   7.74   0.00   9.51  96.70    79    0.177     5    0.495    0.673
  0.00   7.74  23.37   9.51  96.70    79    0.177     5    0.495    0.673
  0.00   7.74  43.82   9.51  96.70    79    0.177     5    0.495    0.673
  0.00   7.74  58.11   9.51  96.71    79    0.177     5    0.495    0.673

The output of this example shows that a young generation collection occurred between the 3rd and 4th sample. The collection took 0.001 seconds and promoted objects from the eden space (E) to the old space (O), resulting in an increase of old space utilization from 9.49% to 9.51%. Before the collection, the survivor space was 12.44% utilized, but after this collection it is only 7.74% utilized.

Repeating the column header string

This example attaches to lvmid 21891 and takes samples at 250 millisecond intervals and displays the output as specified by -gcutil option. In addition, it uses the -h3 option to output the column header after every 3 lines of data.

jstat -gcnew -h3 21891 250
 S0C    S1C    S0U    S1U   TT MTT  DSS      EC       EU     YGC     YGCT
  64.0   64.0    0.0   31.7 31  31   32.0    512.0    178.6    249    0.203
  64.0   64.0    0.0   31.7 31  31   32.0    512.0    355.5    249    0.203
  64.0   64.0   35.4    0.0  2  31   32.0    512.0     21.9    250    0.204
 S0C    S1C    S0U    S1U   TT MTT  DSS      EC       EU     YGC     YGCT
  64.0   64.0   35.4    0.0  2  31   32.0    512.0    245.9    250    0.204
  64.0   64.0   35.4    0.0  2  31   32.0    512.0    421.1    250    0.204
  64.0   64.0    0.0   19.0 31  31   32.0    512.0     84.4    251    0.204
 S0C    S1C    S0U    S1U   TT MTT  DSS      EC       EU     YGC     YGCT
  64.0   64.0    0.0   19.0 31  31   32.0    512.0    306.7    251    0.204

In addition to showing the repeating header string, this example shows that between the 2nd and 3rd samples, a young GC occurred. Its duration was 0.001 seconds. The collection found enough live data that the survivor space 0 utilization (S0U) would would have exceeded the desired survivor Size (DSS). As a result, objects were promoted to the old generation (not visible in this output), and the tenuring threshold (TT) was lowered from 31 to 2.

Another collection occurs between the 5th and 6th samples. This collection found very few survivors and returned the tenuring threshold to 31.

Including a time stamp for each sample

This example attaches to lvmid 21891 and takes 3 samples at 250 millisecond intervals. The -t option is used to generate a time stamp for each sample in the first column.

jstat -gcoldcapacity -t 21891 250 3
Timestamp  OGCMN    OGCMX    OGC      OC       YGC   FGC   FGCT    GCT
150.1      1408.0   60544.0  11696.0  11696.0  194   80    2.874   3.799
150.4      1408.0   60544.0  13820.0  13820.0  194   81    2.938   3.863
150.7      1408.0   60544.0  13820.0  13820.0  194   81    2.938   3.863

Monitor instrumentation for a remote JVM

This example attaches to lvmid 40496 on the system named remote.domain using the -gcutil option, with samples taken every second indefinitely.

jstat -gcutil 40496@remote.domain 1000
 ... output omitted

The lvmid is combined with the name of the remote host to construct a vmid of 40496@remote.domain. This vmid results in the use of the rmi protocol to communicate to the default jstatd server on the remote host. The jstatd server is located using the rmiregistry on remote.domain that is bound to the default rmiregistry port (port 1099).