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Selenium with Java Tutorial

Selenium can be used with multiple languages like Java, Python, JavaScript, Ruby, and so on. Selenium is used extensively for web automation testing. Selenium is an open-source and a portable automated software testing tool for testing web applications. It has capabilities to operate across different browsers and operating systems. Selenium is not just a single tool but a set of tools that helps testers to automate web-based applications more efficiently.

How to Setup Selenium with Java?

Step 1 − Download and install Java from the link − https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/.

To get a more detailed view on how set up Java, refer to the link − https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxIZ1GVWYkQ.

Once we have successfully installed Java, we can confirm its installation by running the command: java, from the command prompt.

C:\java

It will display the following information on the screen −

Usage: java [options] <mainclass> [args...]
           (to execute a class)
   or  java [options] -jar <jarfile> [args...]
           (to execute a jar file)
   or  java [options] -m <module>[/<mainclass>] [args...]
       java [options] --module <module>[/<mainclass>] [args...]
           (to execute the main class in a module)
   or  java [options] <sourcefile> [args]
           (to execute a single source-file program)

 Arguments following the main class, source file, -jar <jarfile>,
 -m or --module <module>/<mainclass> are passed as the arguments to
 main class.

 where options include:

    -cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
    -classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
    --class-path <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
                  A ; separated list of directories, JAR archives,
                  and ZIP archives to search for class files.
    -p <module path>
    --module-path <module path>...
                  A ; separated list of directories, each directory
                  is a directory of modules.
    --upgrade-module-path <module path>...
                  A ; separated list of directories, each directory
                  is a directory of modules that replace upgradeable
                  modules in the runtime image
    --add-modules <module name>[,<module name>...]
                  root modules to resolve in addition to the initial module.
                  <module name> can also be ALL-DEFAULT, ALL-SYSTEM,
                  ALL-MODULE-PATH.
    --enable-native-access <module name>[,<module name>...]
                  modules that are permitted to perform restricted native operations.
                  <module name> can also be ALL-UNNAMED.
    --list-modules
                  list observable modules and exit
    -d <module name>
    --describe-module <module name>
                  describe a module and exit
    --dry-run     create VM and load main class but do not execute main method.
                  The --dry-run option may be useful for validating the
                  command-line options such as the module system configuration.
    --validate-modules
                  validate all modules and exit
                  The --validate-modules option may be useful for finding
                  conflicts and other errors with modules on the module path.
    -D<name>=<value>
                  set a system property
    -verbose:[class|module|gc|jni]
                  enable verbose output for the given subsystem
    -version      print product version to the error stream and exit
    --version     print product version to the output stream and exit
    -showversion  print product version to the error stream and continue
    --show-version
                  print product version to the output stream and continue
    --show-module-resolution
                  show module resolution output during startup
    -? -h -help
                  print this help message to the error stream
    --help        print this help message to the output stream
    -X            print help on extra options to the error stream
    --help-extra  print help on extra options to the output stream
    -ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
    -enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
                  enable assertions with specified granularity
    -da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
    -disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
                  disable assertions with specified granularity
    -esa | -enablesystemassertions
                  enable system assertions
    -dsa | -disablesystemassertions
                  disable system assertions
    -agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
                  load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:jdwp
                  see also -agentlib:jdwp=help
    -agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
                  load native agent library by full pathname
    -javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
                  load Java programming language agent, see java.lang.instrument
    -splash:<imagepath>
                  show splash screen with specified image
                  HiDPI scaled images are automatically supported and used
                  if available. The unscaled image filename, e.g. image.ext,
                  should always be passed as the argument to the -splash option.
                  The most appropriate scaled image provided will be picked up
                  automatically.
                  See the SplashScreen API documentation for more information
    @argument files
                  one or more argument files containing options
    --disable-@files
                  prevent further argument file expansion
    --enable-preview
                  allow classes to depend on preview features of this release
To specify an argument for a long option, you can use --<name>=<value> or
--<name> <value>.

Step 2 − Next, we would Confirm the version of the Java installed by running the command −

java –version

It will show the following output −

openjdk version "17.0.9" 2023-10-17
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Homebrew (build 17.0.9+0)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Homebrew (build 17.0.9+0, mixed mode, sharing)

The output of the command executed signified that the java version installed in the system is 17.0.9.

Step 3 − Install Maven in our system using the below link −

https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi.

To get a more detailed view on how set up Maven, refer to the link − Maven Environment.

Next, we would confirm the version of the Maven installed by running the following command −

mvn –version.

It will show the following output −

Apache Maven 3.9.6 (bc0240f3c744dd6b6ec2920b3cd08dcc295161ae)
Maven home: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/maven/3.9.6/libexec
Java version: 21.0.1, vendor: Homebrew, runtime: /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk/21.0.1/libexec/openjdk.jdk/Contents/Home
Default locale: en_IN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "14.0", arch: "aarch64", family: "mac"

The output of the command executed signified that the Maven version installed in the system is Apache Maven 3.9.6.

Step 4 − Install any code editor like IntelliJ, Eclipse, and so on to write and run the Selenium test. There are several editors available in the market for example: Eclipse, IntelliJ, Atom, and so on. Using these editors, we can start working on a Java project to start our test automation.

To get a more detailed view on how set up IntelliJ, refer to the link − Selenium IntelliJ.

Step 5 − Add the Selenium Maven dependencies from the below link −

https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java.

Step 6 − Select and click on a version link under the Central tab. Then navigate to the Selenium Java>><version> page. Copy the dependency under the Maven tab.

Selenium Java Tutorial 1

Dependency example −

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
   <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
   <version>4.11.0</version>
</dependency>

Step 7 − Paste the dependency copied in Step6 in the pom.xml file.

Step 8 − Add the below code in the Main.java file.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Main {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      
      // URL launch 
      driver.get("https://www.google.com");

      // get browser title after browser launch
      System.out.println("Browser title: " + driver.getTitle());
   }
}

Overall dependencies added in the pom.xml file −

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>org.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>SeleniumJava</artifactId>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

   <properties>
      <maven.compiler.source>16</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>16</maven.compiler.target>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   </properties>
   
   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
         <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
         <version>4.11.0</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

Step 9 − Right click and select Run ‘Main.main()’ option. Wait till the run is completed.

Step 10 − Chrome browser should be launched, the output in console with the message should be - Browser Title: Google.

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

It will show the following output −

Browser title: Google

Process finished with exit code 0

Along with that Chrome browser got launched with the message Chrome is being controlled by automated test software at the top.

Launch Browser and Quit Driver with Selenium Java

We can launch the browser and open an application using the driver.get() method, and finally quit the browser with the quit() method.

Code Implementation in MainBrowserQuit.java

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MainBrowserQuit {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
      
      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // URL launch and get the browser title
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");
      System.out.println( "Browser title after launch: " + driver.getTitle());
      
      // close browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

It will show the following output −

Browser title after launch: Selenium Practice - Student Registration Form

Process finished with exit code 0

In the above example, we had first launched the Chrome browser then retrieved the browser title and then quitted the browser, and in the console received the message - Browser title after launch: Selenium Practice - Student Registration Form.

Finally, the message Process finished with exit code 0 was received, signifying successful execution of the code.

Identify Element and Check Its Functionality Using Selenium Java

Once we navigate to a webpage, we have to interact with the web elements available on the page like clicking a link/button, entering text within an edit box, and so on to complete our automation test case.

For this, our first job is to identify the element. There are some locators available in Selenium for this purpose, they are id, class, class name, name, link text, partial link text, tagname, css, and xpath. These locators need to be used with the findElement() method.

For example, findElement(By.name("<value of name attribute>")) will locate the first web element with the given name attribute value. In case there is no element with the matching value of the name attribute, NoSuchElementException should be thrown.

Let us see the html code of the same input box as discussed before in the below image −

Selenium Java Tutorial 2 
<input name="name" id="name" type="text" 
   class="form-control" placeholder="First Name">

The edit box highlighted in the above image has a name attribute with a value as name. Let us input the text Selenium into this edit box after identifying it.

Code Implementation in LocatorsName.java

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class LocatorsName {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
   
      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 20 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify edit box enter text
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // Identify the search box with name locator to enter text
      WebElement i = driver.findElement(By.name("name"));
      i.sendKeys("Selenium");
      
      // Get the value entered
      String text = i.getAttribute("value");
      System.out.println("Entered text is: " + text);
      
      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

It will show the following output −

Entered text is: Selenium 

Process finished with exit code 0

The output shows the message - Process with exit code 0 meaning that the above code executed successfully. Also, the value entered within the edit box (obtained from the getAttribute method) - Selenium got printed in the console.

This concludes our comprehensive take on the tutorial on Selenium - Java Tutorial. We’ve started with describing how to set up Selenium with Java, how to launch a browser and quit a session using the Selenium Java, and how to identify an element and check its functionality using Selenium Java.

This equips you with in-depth knowledge of the Selenium - Java Tutorial. It is wise to keep practicing what you’ve learned and exploring others relevant to Selenium to deepen your understanding and expand your horizons.

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