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In Java 8, the iterate() method of Stream API takes the seed and the unary operator as arguments. As stream becomes infinite, it makes the developer add explicit termination conditions by using limit, findFirst, findAny and etc. In Java 9, the iterate() method of Stream API has added a new argument, a predicate that takes the condition to break the flow.Syntaxstatic Stream iterate(T seed, Predicate
In Java 9, an interface can also have private methods. Apart from static and default methods in Java 8, this is another significant change as it allows the re-usability of common code within the interface itself.In an interface, there is a possibility of writing common code on more than one default method that leads to code duplication. The introduction of private methods avoids this code duplication.Advantages of private methods in an interfaceAvoiding code duplication.Ensuring code re-usability.Improving code readability.Syntaxinterface interfacename { private methodName(parameters) { // statements } }Exampleinterface Test { default void m1() { common(); } ... Read More
We have the classes A and B defined as follows −class A(object): pass class B(A): passExampleA can be proved to be a super class of B in two ways as followsclass A(object):pass class B(A):pass print issubclass(B, A) # Here we use the issubclass() method to check if B is subclass of A print B.__bases__ # Here we check the base classes or super classes of BOutputThis gives the outputTrue (,)
The equals(Object[] a, Object[] a2) method of the java.util.Arrays class returns true if the two specified arrays of objects are equal to one another. The two arrays are considered equal if both arrays contain the same number of elements, and all corresponding pairs of elements in the two arrays are equal. Two objects e1 and e2 are considered equal if (e1==null ? e2==null : e1.equals(e2)). The two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Two array references are considered equal if both are null.Exampleimport java.util.Arrays; public class ArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] ... Read More
The equals(int[] a, int[] a2) method of java.util.Arrays returns true if the two specified arrays of integers are equal to one another. Two arrays are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order. Two array references are considered equal if both are null.Exampleimport java.util.Arrays; public class ArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] arr1 = new int[] { 10, 12, 5, 6 }; int[] arr2 = new int[] { 10, 12, 5, 6 }; int[] arr3 = new int[] { 10, 5, 6, 12 }; ... Read More
Inheritance in classesInstead of defining a class afresh, we can create a class by deriving it from a preexisting class by listing the parent class in parentheses after the new class name.The child class inherits the attributes of its parent class, and we can use those attributes as if they were defined in the child class. A child class can also override data members and methods from the parent.SyntaxDerived classes are declared much like their parent class; however, a list of base classes to inherit from is given after the class name −class SubClassName (ParentClass1[, ParentClass2, ...]): 'Optional class ... Read More
The fill(int[] a, int val) method of the java.util.Arrays class assigns the specified int value to each element of the specified array of integers.Exampleimport java.util.Arrays; public class ArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = new int[] {1, 6, 3, 2, 9}; System.out.println("Actual values: "); for (int value : arr) { System.out.println("Value = " + value); } Arrays.fill(arr, 18); System.out.println("New values after using fill() method: "); for (int value : arr) { System.out.println("Value = " + value); } } }OutputActual values: Value = 1 Value = 6 Value = 3 Value = 2 Value = 9 New values after using fill() method: Value = 18 Value = 18 Value = 18 Value = 18 Value = 18
The java.util.Arrays.sort(Object[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) method sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to the natural ordering of its elements. The range to be sorted extends from index fromIndex, inclusive, to index toIndex, exclusive.Exampleimport java.util.Arrays; public class ArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { Object ob[] = {27, 11, 5, 44}; for (Object number : ob) { System.out.println("Number = " + number); } Arrays.sort(ob, 1, 3); System.out.println("Object array ... Read More
The sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) method of the java.util.Arrays class sorts the specified range of the specified array of integer value into ascending numerical order. The range to be sorted extends from index fromIndex, inclusive, to index toIndex, exclusive.Exampleimport java.util.Arrays; public class ArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int iArr[] = {3, 1, 2, 18, 10}; for (int number : iArr) { System.out.println("Number = " + number); } Arrays.sort(iArr, 0, 3); System.out.println("int array with some ... Read More
The hashCode(int[]) method of the java.util.Arrays class returns a hash code based on the contents of the specified array. For any two non-null int arrays a and b such that Arrays.equals(a, b), it is also the case that Arrays.hashCode(a) == Arrays.hashCode(b).Exampleimport java.util.Arrays; public class ArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] ival = new int[] { 3, 5 }; int retval = ival.hashCode(); System.out.println("The hash code of value1 is: " + retval); ival = new int[] { 19, 75 }; retval = ival.hashCode(); ... Read More