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GATE Instrumental Engineering Syllabus
Subject Code: IN
Course Structure
Sections/Units | Topics |
---|---|
Section A | Engineering Mathematics |
Unit 1 | Linear Algebra |
Unit 2 | Calculus |
Unit 3 | Differential Equations |
Unit 4 | Analysis of complex variables |
Unit 5 | Probability and Statistics |
Unit 6 | Numerical Methods |
Section B | Electric Circuits |
Section C | Signals and Systems |
Section D | Control Systems |
Section E | Analog Electronics |
Section F | Digital Electronics |
Section G | Measurements |
Section H | Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation |
Section I | Communication and Optical Instrumentation |
Course Syllabus
Section A: Engineering Mathematics
Unit 1: Linear Algebra
- Matrix algebra
- Systems of linear equations
- Eigen values and Eigen
- Vectors
Unit 2: Calculus
- Mean value theorems
- Theorems of integral calculus
- Partial derivatives
- Maxima and minima
- Multiple integrals
- Fourier series
- Vector identities
- Line, surface and volume
- Integrals, stokes, gauss and green’s theorems
Unit 3: Differential equations
- First order equation (linear and nonlinear)
- Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients
- Method of variation of parameters
- Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations
- Initial and boundary value problems
- Solution of partial differential equations
- Variable separable method
Unit 4: Analysis of complex variables
- Analytic functions
- Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula
- Taylor’s and Laurent’s series
- Residue theorem
- Solution of integrals
Unit 5: Probability and Statistics
- Sampling theorems
- Conditional probability
- Mean, median, mode and standard deviation
- Random variables
- Discrete and continuous distributions
- Normal, Poisson and binomial distributions
Unit 6: Numerical Methods
- Matrix inversion
- Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations
- Iterative methods for solving differential equations
- Numerical integration
- Regression and correlation analysis
Section B: Electrical Circuits
Unit 1: Voltage and current sources
- Independent, dependent, ideal and practical
- V-i relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor and capacitor
- Transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation
Unit 2: Kirchoff’s laws
- Mesh and nodal analysis
- Superposition
- Thevenin
- Norton
- Maximum power
- Transfer
- Reciprocity theorems
Unit 3: Peak-, average- and RMS values of AC quantities
- Apparent-, active- and reactive powers
- Phasor analysis, impedance and admittance
- Series and parallel resonance
- Locus, diagrams, realization of basic filters with r, l and c elements
- One-port and two-port networks
- Driving point impedance and admittance
- Open- and short circuit parameters
Section C: Signals and Systems
Signals and Systems −
Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals
Laplace, Fourier and z-transforms
Transfer function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems
Impulse response of systems
Convolution, correlation
Discrete time system −
Impulse response
Frequency response
Pulse transfer function
DFT and FFT
Basics of IIR and fir filters
Section D: Control Systems
- Feedback principles −
- Signal flow graphs
- Transient response
- Steady-state-errors
- Bode plot
- Phase and gain margins
- Routh and Nyquist criteria
- Root loci
- Design of lead
- Lag and lead-lag compensators
- State-space representation of systems
- Time-delay systems −
- Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components
- Synchro pair
- Servo and stepper motors
- Servo valves
- On-off, P, P-I, P-I-D, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers.
Section E: Analog Electronics
Characteristics and applications of −
Diode
Zener diode
BJT
MOSFET
Small signal analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers
Characteristics of operational amplifiers
Applications of opamps −
Difference amplifier
Adder
Subtractor
Integrator
Differentiator
Instrumentation amplifier
Precision rectifier
Active filters and other circuits
Oscillators, signal generators, voltage controlled oscillators and phase locked loop
Section F: Digital Electronics
Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions
IC families: TTL and CMOS
Arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, flipflops, shift registers, timers and counters
Sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer, analog-todigital (successive approximation, integrating, flash and sigma-delta) and digital-toanalog converters (weighted r, r-2r ladder and current steering logic)
Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/settling time)
Basics of number systems, 8-bit microprocessor and microcontroller: applications, memory and input-output interfacing
Basics of data acquisition systems
Section G: Measurements
SI units, systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors
PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments −
DC potentiometer
Bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter
Measurement of voltage, current and power in single and three phase circuits −
AC and DC current probes
True RMS meters
Voltage and current scaling
Instrument transformers
Timer/counter
Time
Phase and frequency measurements
Digital voltmeter
Digital multimeter
Oscilloscope, shielding and grounding
Section H: Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation
Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits
Transducers for industrial instrumentation −
Displacement (linear and angular)
Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Torque
Vibration
Shock
Pressure (including low pressure)
Flow (differential pressure, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters)
Temperature (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire)
Thermistor
Pyrometer and semiconductor
Liquid level, pH, conductivity and viscosity measurement
Section I: Communication and Optical Instrumentation
Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation
Shannon's sampling theorem, pulse code modulation
Frequency and time division multiplexing, amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, pulse shift keying for digital modulation
Optical sources and detectors − led, laser, photo-diode, light dependent resistor and their characteristics
Interferometer − applications in metrology
Basics of fiber optic sensing
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