- GATE SYLLABUS
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GATE Biomedical Syllabus
Subject Code: BM
Course Structure
Sections/Units | Topics |
---|---|
Section A | Engineering Mathematics |
Unit 1 | Linear Algebra |
Unit 2 | Calculus |
Unit 3 | Differential Equations |
Unit 4 | Analysis of Complex Variables |
Unit 5 | Probability and Statistics |
Unit 6 | Numerical Methods |
Section B | Electric Circuits |
Section C | Signals and Systems |
Section D | Analog and Digital Electronics |
Section E | Measurements and Control Systems |
Section F | Sensors and Bio-Instrumentation |
Section G | Human Anatomy and Physiology |
Section H | Biomechanics |
Section I | Medical Imaging Systems |
Section J | Biomaterials |
Course Syllabus
Section A: Engineering Mathematics
Unit 1: Linear Algebra
- Matrix Algebra
- Systems of linear equations
- Eigenvalues
- Eigenvectors
Unit 2: Calculus
- Mean value theorems
- Theorems of integral calculus
- Evaluation of definite and improper integrals
- Partial Derivatives
- Maxima and minima
- Multiple integrals
- Fourier series
- Vector identities
- Directional derivatives
- Line integral
- Surface integral
- Volume integral
- Stokes’ theorem
- Gauss’s theorem
- Green’s theorem
Unit 3: Differential equations
- First order equations (linear and nonlinear)
- Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients
- Method of variation of parameters
- Cauchy’s equation
- Euler’s equation
- Initial and boundary value problems
- Partial Differential Equations
- Method of separation of variables
Unit 4: Complex variables
- Analytic functions
- Cauchy’s integral theorem
- Cauchy’s integral formula
- Taylor series
- Laurent series
- Residue theorem
- Solution integrals
Unit 5: Probability and Statistics
- Sampling theorems
- Conditional probability
- Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Random variables, Discrete and Continuous distributions
- Poisson distribution
- Normal distribution
- Binomial distribution
- Correlation analysis,
- Regression analysis
Unit 6: Numerical Methods
- Solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations
- Single and Multi-step methods for differential equations
Section B: Electric Circuits
- Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal and practical
- V-I relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor and capacitor
- Transient analysis of RLC circuits with DC excitation.
- Kirchhoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis
- Theorems - Superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power transfer and Reciprocity.
- Peak, average, and RMS values of AC quantities;
- Apparent, active and reactive powers;
- Phasor analysis, impedance and admittance
- Series and parallel resonance,
- Locus diagrams
- Realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements.
Section C: Signals and Systems
- Continuous and Discrete Signal and Systems
- Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals
- Sampling theorem
- Laplace, Fourier and z-transforms
- Transfer function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems
- Impulse response of systems
- Convolution and correlation
- Discrete time systems
- Impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function, DFT
- Basics of IIR and FIR filters.
Section D: Analog and Digital Electronics
- Characteristics and applications of diode
- Zener diode, BJT and MOSFET
- Small signal analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers
- Characteristics and applications of operational amplifiers
- Difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, buffer.
- Combinational logic circuits
- Minimization of Boolean functions
- IC families: TTL and CMOS
- Arithmetic circuits, comparators
- Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, flipflops, shift registers, timers and counters
- Sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer
- Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/settling time)
- Basics of number systems, microprocessor and microcontroller: applications, memory and input-output interfacing; elements of data acquisition systems.
Section E: Measurements and Control Systems
- SI units
- Systematic and random errors in measurement
- Expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors
- PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments
- DC potentiometer; bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter
- Basics of control engineering
- Modeling system: transfer function and state-space model
- Stability analysis: time domain and frequency domain analysis
Section F: Sensors and Bio-instrumentation
- Types of Instruments - Resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric
- Hall Effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits
- Optical sources and detectors
- LED, Photo-diode, p-inandavalanchephotodiode (APD)
- Light dependent resistor and their characteristics
- Basics of magnetic sensing
- Interferometer- applications in metrology
- Basics of fiber optic sensing
- Basics of LASERs
- Origin, nature, and types of Biosignals
- Principles of sensing physiological parameters
- Types of transducers and their characteristics
- Electrodes for bioelectric signals
- Bioelectric signals and their characteristics
- Biopotential Amplifiers, Noise artefacts and their management
- Electrical Isolation (optical and electrical) and Safety of Biomedical Instruments
- Generation, Acquisition, and signal conditioning and analysis of biosignals: ECG, EMG, EEG, EOG, Blood ERG, PCG, GSR.
- Principles of measuring blood pressure, Core temperature, volume & flow in arteries, veins and tissues – Lung volumes, respiration and cardiacrate.
Section G: Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Basic elements of human body-muscloskeletal system, respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system, endocrine system, nervous system, digestive, nervous,immune, integumentary, and reproductive systems
- Basics of cell and molecular biology.
Section H: Biomechanics
- Engineering Mechanics
- Hard Tissues
- Soft Tissues
- Human Joints and Movements
- Biofluid mechanics
Section I: Medical Imaging Systems
- Basic physics and Instrumentation of medical images in X-Ray, Ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET, FMRI, SPECT, and their characteristics
Section J: Biomaterials
- Basic properties of biomaterials, biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradable materials,Fundamentals of
- Implants and medical devices, drug delivery carriers, scaffolds for tissue
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