CBSE 11th Class Geography Syllabus

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Course Structure

Course Syllabus

Part A: Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Unit-1: Geography as a Discipline

• Geography as −
  • An integrating discipline
  • A science of spatial attributes
• Branches of Geography −
  • Physical Geography
  • Human Geography
• Scope and Career Options

Unit-2: The Earth

• Origin and evolution of the earth
  • Interior of the earth
• Wegener's continental drift theory and plate tectonics
• Earthquakes and volcanoes −
  • Causes
  • Types
  • Effects

Unit-3: Landforms

• Rocks −
  • Types
  • Characteristics
• Landforms and their evolution
• Geomorphic processes −
  • Weathering
  • Mass wasting
  • Erosion
  • Deposition
  • Soil-formation

Unit 4: Climate

• Atmosphere −

  • Composition and structure

  • Elements of weather and climate

• Insolation −

  • Angle of incidence and distribution

  • Heat Budget of the earth-heating and cooling of atmosphere (conduction, convection, terrestrial radiation and advection)

• Temperature −

  • Factors controlling temperature

  • Distribution of temperature - horizontal and vertical

  • Inversion of temperature

• Pressure-pressure belts −

  • Winds-planetary

  • Seasonal and local

  • Air masses and fronts

  • Tropical and extratropical cyclones

• Precipitation −

  • Evaporation

  • Condensation-dew

  • Frost

  • Fog

  • Mist

  • Cloud

  • Rainfall - types and world distribution

• World climates −

  • Classification (Koeppen and Thornthwaite)

  • Global warming

  • Climatic changes

• Climate and Global Concerns

Unit 5: Hydrosphere

• Basics of Oceanography
• Oceans −
  • Distribution of temperature
  • Distribution of salinity
• Movements of −
  • Ocean water-waves
  • Tides
  • Currents
• Submarine reliefs
• Ocean resources and pollution

Unit 6: Biosphere

• Biosphere −
  • Importance of plants and other organisms
  • Biodiversity and conservation
  • Ecosystem
  • Ecological balance

Unit 7: Map work

• Identification of features based on 1 to 6 units on the outline/Physical/Political map of the world.

Part - B: India - Physical Environment

Unit - 8: Introduction

• Location
• Space relations
• India's place in the world

Unit - 9: Physiography

• Structure and Relief
  • Physiographic Divisions
• Drainage systems
  • Concept of river basins
  • Watershed
  • The Himalayan rivers
  • The Peninsular rivers

Unit - 10: Climate, Vegetation and Soil

• Weather and climate −
• Spatial and temporal distribution of −
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Winds
  • Rainfall
• Indian monsoon −
  • Mechanism
  • Onset and withdrawal
  • Variability of rainfalls - spatial and temporal
  • Use of weather charts
  • Climatic types (Koeppen)
• Natural vegetation −
  • Types
  • Distribution
  • Wild life
  • Conservation
  • Biosphere reserves
• Soils −
  • Major types (ICAR's classification) and their distribution
  • Soil degradation
  • Soil conservation

Unit-11: Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Management

• Floods −
  • Cloudbursts
• Droughts −
  • Types
  • Impact
• Earthquakes and Tsunami
• Cyclones −
  • Features
  • Impact
• Landslides

Unit – 12: Map Work

• Features based on above units for locating and labelling on the Outline/Political/Physical map of India.

Part - C: Practical Work

Unit-1: Fundamentals of Maps

• Geo spatial data

• Concept of Geographical data matrix

  • Point data

  • Line data

  • Area data

• Maps −

  • Types

  • Scales-types

  • Construction of simple linear scale

  • Measuring distance

  • Finding direction and use of symbols

• Map projection −

  • Latitude

  • Longitude

  • Time

  • Typology

  • Construction and properties of projection

  • Conical with one standard parallel and Mercator's projection (only two projections)

Unit 2: Topographic and Weather Maps

• Study of topographic maps (1: 50,000 or 1: 25,000 Survey of India maps) −

• Contour cross section

• Identification of landforms −

  • Slopes

  • Hills

  • Valleys

  • Waterfall

  • Cliffs

  • Distribution of settlements

• Aerial Photographs −

  • Types and geometry - vertical aerial photographs

  • Difference between maps and aerial photographs

  • Photo scale determination

  • Identification of physical and cultural features

• Satellite imageries −

  • Stages in remote sensing data-acquisition

  • Platform and sensors and data products

  • Photographic and digital

• Use of weather instruments −

  • Thermometer

  • Wet and dry-bulb thermometer

  • Barometer

  • Wind vane

  • Rain gauge

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