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BJTs are three-terminal semiconductor devices used for switching and amplification of signals. MOSFETs, on the other hand, are four-terminal semiconductor devices used for switching applications. Read through this article to find out more about BJTs and MOSFETs and how they differ from each other.What is BJT?BJT stands for Bipolar Junction Transistor. It is a type of transistor in which the current flow is due to two types of charge carriers viz. electrons and holes. A BJT consists of three alternating layers of P-type and N-type semiconductor materials and two P-N junctions. The BJT has three terminals viz. emitter (E), base ... Read More
The interface between a process and an operating system is provided by system calls. In general, system calls are available as assembly language instructions. They are also included in the manuals used by the assembly level programmers. System calls are usually made when a process in user mode requires access to a resource. Then it requests the kernel to provide the resource via a system call.A figure representing the execution of the system call is given as follows −As can be seen from this diagram, the processes execute normally in the user mode until a system call interrupts this. Then ... Read More
Congestion causes choking of the communication medium. When too many packets are displayed in a method of the subnet, the subnet's performance degrades. Hence, a network's communication channel is called congested if packets are traversing the path and experience delays mainly over the path's propagation delay. There is two congestion control algorithm which is as follows: Leaky Bucket The leaky bucket algorithm discovers its use in the context of network traffic shaping or rate-limiting. The algorithm allows controlling the rate at which a record is injected into a network and managing burstiness in the data rate. ... Read More
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit which can function as a central processing unit (CPU) of a computer system or a microcontroller. It is constructed by integrating millions of transistors, diodes, and resistors on a single electronic chip.8085 and 8086 are two major types of microprocessors produced by Intel. Go through this article to find out the major differences between 8085 and 8086 microprocessors.What is 8085 Microprocessor?The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel in 1976. The 8085 microprocessor has 8-bit long data bus, thus it can process 8-bit of data in a single cycle. The 8085 microprocessor ... Read More
The reflected binary code or Gray code is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit). Gray codes are very useful in the normal sequence of binary numbers generated by the hardware that may cause an error or ambiguity during the transition from one number to the next. So, the Gray code can eliminate this problem easily since only one bit changes its value during any transition between two numbers.Gray code is not weighted that means it does not depends on positional value of digit. This cyclic variable code ... Read More
Both Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits are types of sequential circuits that use feedback for the next output generation. On the basis of the type of this feedback, both circuits can be differentiated. A sequential circuit is one whose output depends upon both present and past inputs. The classification of sequential circuits into synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits is done on the basis of their triggering. In a synchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are synchronized with the universal clock signal. In contrast, in an asynchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are ... Read More
Introduction When you create a user on a Linux system, that user is given a default home directory. This home directory is a personal space where the user can store their files and settings. Sometimes it may be necessary to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. This could be because you want to provide a different location for the user's files or because you want to change the user's name and update the home directory accordingly. In this article, we will discuss how to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. Before you ... Read More
In order to check if a particular file exists inside a given directory in Golang, we can use the Stat() and the isNotExists() function that the os package of Go's standard library provides us with.The Stat() function is used to return the file info structure describing the file. Let's first use the Stat() function only and see whether it will be enough to detect the presence of a file in Go.Example 1Consider the code shown below.package main import( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { if _, err := os.Stat("sample.txt"); err == nil { fmt.Printf("File ... Read More
When we need to convert numbers to words in Indian rupees in Excel, it can be a time‑consuming process if we do it manually as we need to type the large numbers. We can complete this time-consuming process much more quickly by using the VBA application. Even though the VBA code will be lengthy, we can use this process if there are many values to convert. Read this tutorial to learn how to convert numbers to words in Indian rupees in Excel. Converting Numbers to Words in Indian Rupees in Excel Here we will create a new VBA module, then ... Read More
Lexical Analysis has to access secondary memory each time to identify tokens. It is time-consuming and costly. So, the input strings are stored into a buffer and then scanned by Lexical Analysis.Lexical Analysis scans input string from left to right one character at a time to identify tokens. It uses two pointers to scan tokens −Begin Pointer (bptr) − It points to the beginning of the string to be read.Look Ahead Pointer (lptr) − It moves ahead to search for the end of the token.Example − For statement int a, b;Both pointers start at the beginning of the string, which ... Read More