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The reflected binary code or Gray code is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit). Gray codes are very useful in the normal sequence of binary numbers generated by the hardware that may cause an error or ambiguity during the transition from one number to the next. So, the Gray code can eliminate this problem easily since only one bit changes its value during any transition between two numbers.Gray code is not weighted that means it does not depends on positional value of digit. This cyclic variable code ... Read More
Both Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits are types of sequential circuits that use feedback for the next output generation. On the basis of the type of this feedback, both circuits can be differentiated. A sequential circuit is one whose output depends upon both present and past inputs. The classification of sequential circuits into synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits is done on the basis of their triggering. In a synchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are synchronized with the universal clock signal. In contrast, in an asynchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are ... Read More
Introduction When you create a user on a Linux system, that user is given a default home directory. This home directory is a personal space where the user can store their files and settings. Sometimes it may be necessary to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. This could be because you want to provide a different location for the user's files or because you want to change the user's name and update the home directory accordingly. In this article, we will discuss how to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. Before you ... Read More
In order to check if a particular file exists inside a given directory in Golang, we can use the Stat() and the isNotExists() function that the os package of Go's standard library provides us with.The Stat() function is used to return the file info structure describing the file. Let's first use the Stat() function only and see whether it will be enough to detect the presence of a file in Go.Example 1Consider the code shown below.package main import( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { if _, err := os.Stat("sample.txt"); err == nil { fmt.Printf("File ... Read More
When we need to convert numbers to words in Indian rupees in Excel, it can be a time‑consuming process if we do it manually as we need to type the large numbers. We can complete this time-consuming process much more quickly by using the VBA application. Even though the VBA code will be lengthy, we can use this process if there are many values to convert. Read this tutorial to learn how to convert numbers to words in Indian rupees in Excel. Converting Numbers to Words in Indian Rupees in Excel Here we will create a new VBA module, then ... Read More
Lexical Analysis has to access secondary memory each time to identify tokens. It is time-consuming and costly. So, the input strings are stored into a buffer and then scanned by Lexical Analysis.Lexical Analysis scans input string from left to right one character at a time to identify tokens. It uses two pointers to scan tokens −Begin Pointer (bptr) − It points to the beginning of the string to be read.Look Ahead Pointer (lptr) − It moves ahead to search for the end of the token.Example − For statement int a, b;Both pointers start at the beginning of the string, which ... Read More
As of now, there is no built-in command like CSV (Export-CSV) to export output to the excel file but we can use the Out-File command to export data to excel or any other file format.Let’s use Out-File to export the output of the Get-Processes command to an excel file.Get-Process | Out-File C:\Temp\processes.xlsThe above command will get all the running processes on the local system to the excel file. Let’s check the output of the excel file. You can see that the output is not in the proper excel format.One other way is to install the ImportExcel module for excel. It ... Read More
JavaScript provides three mechanisms for storing data on the client − cookies, session storage, and local storage. Each one has advantages and disadvantages.Local storage is the most recent mechanism. It allows for larger amounts of data to be stored, but the data is not deleted when the browser is closed. Local storage is useful for storing data that the user will need to access later, such as offline data.Session storage is similar to cookies, but the data is only stored for the current session. This means that the data will be deleted when the user closes the browser. Session storage ... Read More
A hardwired control is a mechanism of producing control signals using Finite State Machines (FSM) appropriately. It is designed as a sequential logic circuit. The final circuit is constructed by physically connecting the components such as gates, flip flops, and drums. Hence, it is named a hardwired controller.The figure shows a 2-bit sequence counter, which is used to develop control signals. The output obtained from these signals is decoded to generate the required signals in sequential order.The hardwired control consists of a combinational circuit that outputs desired controls for decoding and encoding functions. The instruction that is loaded in the ... Read More
Algorithm AnalysisAnalysis of efficiency of an algorithm can be performed at two different stages, before implementation and after implementation, asA priori analysis − This is defined as theoretical analysis of an algorithm. Efficiency of algorithm is measured by assuming that all other factors e.g. speed of processor, are constant and have no effect on implementation.A posterior analysis − This is defined as empirical analysis of an algorithm. The chosen algorithm is implemented using programming language. Next the chosen algorithm is executed on target computer machine. In this analysis, actual statistics like running time and space needed are collected.Algorithm analysis is ... Read More