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Using mnemonics without any alteration in the content, data can be transferred in three different cases – From one register to another registerFrom the memory to the register andFrom the register to the memoryThese can be guided by addressing modes. Addressing modes in 8085 can be classified into 5 groups −Immediate addressing modeRegister addressing modeDirect addressing modeIndirect addressing modeImplied addressing modeImmediate addressing modeIn this mode, the 8/16-bit data is specified in the instruction itself as one of its operands. For example MVI E, ABH means ABH is copied into register A.MVI E ABHBeforeAfter(A)Any valueABHAs an example, if we consider instruction MVI E, ... Read More
Life is no longer a simple journey. It is complex and tiring and requires a lot of work to be completed within a short spell of time to meet arduous deadlines. Hence, it is extremely important to understand the tricks and hacks in the art of multi-switching rather than multi-tasking which helps a person do many things in one day with dedication and concentration in totality.Make A Schedule and Write It DownMany people fail to deal with multiple affairs at the same time and get stressed out due to the simple reason of not scheduling it properly. Write it in ... Read More
‘Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.’ – Nelson Mandela.There is no denial of the fact that education plays an extraordinary role in a person’s life to develop proper intelligence as well as an emotional quotient. Hence, our constitution also makes a provision for providing free and compulsory education under Article 21 (A) which also expands the horizon of Right to life.This is mainly because education enhances the life of any individual. It is only through right education and a right to an education that helps in developing the essential knowledge and required ... Read More
General Knowledge is a vast and diverse discipline which is actually an umbrella term for many subjects studied under its heading. General knowledge forms a very important component in many competitive exams.General knowledge is crucial for students and working people like to stay in touch with the local, national and international level happenings. Following are some tips that help to boost, build and enhance general knowledge for a person.Reading newspapersNewspapers are the biggest storehouses of knowledge. Newspapers help us gauge not just the fact of general knowledge but different perspectives and angles to one topic.Thus, for any student to develop ... Read More
Retaining the best people in your organization is truly an art and requires a lot of effort in different ways right from appraisal to allocation of responsibilities. While the HR team in the company tries their level best to keep the employees satisfied, there are different factors that eventually lead to good employees quitting a company.ManagementA manager plays a very important role in giving effective feedback to his colleagues. She/he is a mentor and coach in bringing out the best in an employee.However, when the manager starts becoming bossy, hostile or arrogant, the employees function in fear rather than freedom.A ... Read More
In 8085 Instruction set, RM is a mnemonic, which stands for “Return if Minus”. This instruction is used to return to the main program, only if S flag value is 1. If S flag value is 0, program flow continues in the subroutine sequentially. It is a 1-Byte instruction.Mnemonics, OperandOpcode(in HEX)BytesRMF81Let us consider the following sample code for a better explanation –AddressHex CodesMnemonicComment200031LXI SP, 5000HSP ← 5000H.Initializing the SP200100Low order Byte of the address200250High order Byte of the address200321LXI H, 4050HHL ← 4050H, Initializing the HL register pair200450Low order Byte of the address200540High order Byte of the address2006CDCALL 200BHCalling the ... Read More
In 8085 Instruction set, RSTn is actually standing for “Restart n”. And in this case, n has a value from 0 to 7 only. Thus the eight possible RST instructions are there, e.g. RST 0, RST 1, …, RST 7. They are 1-Byte call instructions. Functionally RST n instruction is similar with:RST n = CALL n*8For example, let us consider RST 4 is functionally equivalent to CALL 4*8, i.e. CALL 32 = CALL 0020H. The advantage of RST 2 is that it is only 1 Byte, whereas CALL 0010H is 3-Byte long. Thus RST instructions are useful for branching to frequently used subroutines.Mnemonics, OperandOpcode(in ... Read More
In 8085 Instruction set, OUT is a mnemonic that stands for OUTput Accumulator contents to an output port whose8-bit address is indicated in the instruction as a8. It occupies 2 Bytes in the memory. First Byte specifies the opcode, and the next Byte provides the 8-bit port address. Mnemonics, OperandOpcode(in HEX)BytesOUT Port-AddressD32OUT F0H is an example instruction of this type. The result of execution of this instruction is shown below with an example.BeforeAfter(A)ABHABHOutput Port F0HAny ValueABHOUT instruction is the only instruction using whichAccumulator contents can be sent out to an output port. A possible chip select circuit to connect an output ... Read More
In 8085 Instruction set, there are two instructions in 8085 for communication with I/O ports. They are the IN and OUT instructions. The IN or OUT instruction mnemonics should be followed by an 8-bit port address. Thus we can have 28 = 256 input ports and 256 output ports are possible in 8085-based microcomputers. IN and OUT both are 2-Bytes instructions.Mnemonics, OperandOpcode(in HEX)BytesIN Port-addressDB2OUT Port-AddressD32In case of IN instruction, the current 8-bit content of the PORT# will be made available on to the Accumulator. Let us suppose with the PORT#, 8 DIP switches are connected. And their states are ON-ON-OFF-ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON. ... Read More
In 8085 Instruction set, for 16-bit addition, there is one instruction available that is DAD rp instruction. It is a 1-Byte instruction. With this instruction, with the content of the HL register pair, the contents of the mentioned register pair will get added and the result thus produced will be stored on the HL register pair.Mnemonics, OperandOpcode(in HEX)BytesDAD B091DAD D191DAD H291DAD SP391As an example, let us consider the execution of the DADB instruction. Let us suppose, that the initial content of HL register pair is 5050H and content of BC register pair is 4050H. So now if we execute instruction ... Read More