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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
How to remove the border of the legend of a chart created by plot function in R?
When we create a chart using plot function and add a legend to that chart, the output of the chart has the legend that is covered with borders. But this breaks the flow of the chart and the area covered by the order make the chart unattractive. Therefore, we can use bty="n" with the legend function and it will remove the border of the legend.ExampleCreating the chart with legend that has border −plot(x=1:10, y=10:1) legend(1, 2, "This is a scatterplot between x and y")OutputCreating the chart with legend which does not have a border −Exampleplot(x=1:10, y=10:1) legend(1, 2, "This is ...
Read MoreHow to create colored Venn Diagrams?
Reading transparent Venn Diagrams is a little difficult due to transparency in all areas, therefore, we should create Venn Diagrams that has different color in each of the area. This will help us to easily read the diagram and also the diagram will be more appealing to viewers. We can do this by using venn.diagram function of VennDiagram package.Installing and Loading VennDiagram package −Exampleinstall.packages(“VennDiagram”) library(VennDiagram)Creating the colored Venn Diagram (Note: The colored diagram will be saved in default folder for R in your system, mostly it is documents folder) −venn.diagram(list(x=1:10, y=7:12), fill=c("yellow", "black"), + filename = "Example1.tiff")Outputvenn.diagram(list(x=1:10, y=7:12, z=9:16), fill=c("yellow", ...
Read MoreHow to change ordinal X-axis label to text labels using ggplot2 in R?
A plot created with ordinal values on X-axis needs to be ordered for plotting, otherwise, the plot will have continuous values on the X-axis that includes ordinal values. If we want to convert those values to text then scale_x_discrete should be used with the number of breaks, these number of breaks are the actual number of labels we want to use in our plot.ExampleConsider the below data frame −x
Read MoreHow to subtract number of days from a date to get the previous date in R?
In our daily life, we might want to know what was the date before some number of days. This is also required in professional life, especially in those professions where we work on projects and have tight deadlines. To find the date before a certain number of days we can just use subtraction sign after reading the date with as.Date.Examplesas.Date("2001-01-01")-30 [1] "2000-12-02" as.Date("2020-06-30")-30 [1] "2020-05-31" as.Date("2020-06-30")-50 [1] "2020-05-11" as.Date("2020-06-30")-100 [1] "2020-03-22" as.Date("2020-06-30")-120 [1] "2020-03-02" as.Date("2020-06-30")-15 [1] "2020-06-15" as.Date("2020-06-30")-45 [1] "2020-05-16" as.Date("2020-06-30")-40 [1] "2020-05-21" as.Date("2020-12-25")-20 [1] "2020-12-05" as.Date("2020-12-25")-300 [1] "2020-02-29" as.Date("2020-12-25")-125 [1] "2020-08-22" as.Date("2020-12-25")-80 [1] "2020-10-06"We can also use / to ...
Read MoreHow to create permutations as a list in R?
The permutation is the combination with orders. For example, if we want to create a key for lock with a sequence of numbers then it must be order in some direction, otherwise, it will be difficult to remember and easy to unlock. We can find the permutation of some numbers or characters by using permn function of combinat package.Loading the combinat package −library(combinat)Examples that create list of permutations −permn(LETTERS[1:4]) [[1]] [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" [[2]] [1] "A" "B" "D" "C" [[3]] [1] "A" "D" "B" "C" [[4]] [1] "D" "A" "B" "C" [[5]] [1] "D" "A" "C" "B" [[6]] ...
Read MoreHow to reverse a vector in R?
Sometimes the vector values are recorded in the reverse order in R, therefore, we need to again reverse those vectors to get the actual order we want. For example, a sequence of numbers might be recorded as 1 to 20 but we wanted it to be from 20 to 1. The reversing of order of the vector values can be easily done with the help of rev function.Examplesx1
Read MoreHow to visualize the normality of a column of an R data frame?
The first step to analyze a variable is checking whether it is normally distributed or not and to visually do this, we create a histogram. If the histogram depicts a bell then we consider that the variable is normally distributed otherwise, it is not. We can create a histogram for any column of an R data frame by using hist function.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(9) df
Read MoreHow to create a Venn diagram in R?
A Venn diagram helps to identify the common and uncommon elements between two or more than two sets of elements. This is also used in probability theory to visually represent the relationship between two or more events. To create a Venn diagram in R, we can make use of venn function of gplots package.ExampleConsider the below vectorsx
Read MoreHow to find monthly sales using date variable in R?
Sales analysis requires to find monthly sales mean, total, range, and often standard deviation. This is mostly required by FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods) companies because they want to track their sales on daily basis as well as monthly basis. If we have daily sales data then we need to create another column for months in an R data frame to find the monthly sales and this can be done with the help of strftime and aggregate function.ExampleConsider the below data frame −date
Read MoreHow to add a month to a date in R?
We have to deal with date data in time series analysis, also sometimes we have a time variable in data set that is recorded to perform another type of analysis. Depending on our objective, we need to process the data and the time variable is also converted into appropriate form that we are looking for. If we want to create a sequence of months from date data then we can do it by adding a month to each upcoming month. This can be easily done by using AddMonths function of DescTools package.ExampleInstalling DescTools package −install.packages("DescTools") Loading DescTools package: library(DescTools) AddMonths(as.Date('2020/01/31'), ...
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