- Digital Signal Processing Tutorial
- DSP - Home
- DSP - Signals-Definition
- DSP - Basic CT Signals
- DSP - Basic DT Signals
- DSP - Classification of CT Signals
- DSP - Classification of DT Signals
- DSP - Miscellaneous Signals
- Operations on Signals
- Operations Signals - Shifting
- Operations Signals - Scaling
- Operations Signals - Reversal
- Operations Signals - Differentiation
- Operations Signals - Integration
- Operations Signals - Convolution
- Basic System Properties
- DSP - Static Systems
- DSP - Dynamic Systems
- DSP - Causal Systems
- DSP - Non-Causal Systems
- DSP - Anti-Causal Systems
- DSP - Linear Systems
- DSP - Non-Linear Systems
- DSP - Time-Invariant Systems
- DSP - Time-Variant Systems
- DSP - Stable Systems
- DSP - Unstable Systems
- DSP - Solved Examples
- Z-Transform
- Z-Transform - Introduction
- Z-Transform - Properties
- Z-Transform - Existence
- Z-Transform - Inverse
- Z-Transform - Solved Examples
- Discrete Fourier Transform
- DFT - Introduction
- DFT - Time Frequency Transform
- DTF - Circular Convolution
- DFT - Linear Filtering
- DFT - Sectional Convolution
- DFT - Discrete Cosine Transform
- DFT - Solved Examples
- Fast Fourier Transform
- DSP - Fast Fourier Transform
- DSP - In-Place Computation
- DSP - Computer Aided Design
- Digital Signal Processing Resources
- DSP - Quick Guide
- DSP - Useful Resources
- DSP - Discussion
DSP - DFT Discrete Cosine Transform
DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) is an N-input sequence x(n) , 0≤n≤N-1 , as a linear transformation or combination of complex exponentials. As a result, the DFT coefficients are in general, complex even if x(n) is real.
Suppose, we try to find out an orthogonal transformation which has N×N structure that expressed a real sequence x(n) as a linear combination of cosine sequence. We already know that −
$X(K) = \displaystyle\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N-1}x(n)cos\frac{2\Pi kn}{N}0\leq k \leq N-1$
And $x(n) = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{k = 0}^{N-1}x(k)cos\frac{2\Pi kn}{N}0\leq k \leq N-1$
This is possible if N point sequence x(n) is real and even. Thus, $x(n) = x(N-n),0\leq n \leq (N-1)$. The resulting DFT itself is real and even. These things make it clear that we could possibly device a discrete cosine transform, for any N point real sequence by taking the 2N point DFT of an “Even extension” of sequence.
DCT is, basically, used in image and speech processing. It is also used in compression of images and speech signals.
$DFT[s(n)] = S(k) = \sum_{n = 0}^{2N-1}s(n)W_{2N}^{nk},\quad where\quad 0\leq k \leq 2N-1$
$S(k) = \displaystyle\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N-1}x(n)W_{2N}^{nk}+\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n = N}^{2N-1}x(2N-n-1)W_{2N}^{nk};\quad where\quad 0\leq k\leq 2N-1$
$\Rightarrow S(k) = W_{2N}^{-k/2}+\sum_{n = 0}^{N-1}x(n) [W_{2N}^{nk}W_{2N}^{k/2}+W_{2N}^{-nk}W_{2N}^{-k/2}];\quad where\quad 0\leq k\leq 2N-1$
$\Rightarrow S(k) = W_{2N}^{\frac{k}{2}}\sum_{n = 0}^{N-1}x(n)\cos [\frac{\pi}{N}(n+\frac{1}{2})k];\quad where\quad 0\leq k\leq 2N-1$
DCT is defined by,
$V(k) = 2\sum_{n = 0}^{N-1}x(n)\cos [\frac{\pi}{2}(n+\frac{1}{2})k]\quad where\quad 0\leq k\leq N-1$
$\Rightarrow V(k) = W_{2N}^{\frac{k}{2}}S(k)\quad or\quad S(k) = W_{2N}^{\frac{k}{2}}V(k),\quad where\quad 0\leq k\leq N-1$
$\Rightarrow V(k) = 2R[W_{2N}^{\frac{k}{2}}\sum_{n = 0}^{N-1}x(n)W_{2N}^{nk}],\quad where\quad 0\leq k\leq N-1$