The Bluetooth network technology connects mobile devices wirelessly using short-wavelength, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves over a short range to form a personal area network (PAN). Data is transferred between the Bluetooth devices as data frames. Two basic frame formats are defined, for transmitting data at basic data rate and ... Read More

Bluetooth link layers define two types of data links, Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) Link, being one of them. It is the type of link used for transmission of general data packets using Bluetooth connection. ACL is a point – to – multipoint link used for irregular traffic between a master device ... Read More

Bluetooth link layers define two types of data links, Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) link, being one of them. SCO is a symmetric, point-to-point link between the master device and the slave device connected via Bluetooth.Features of Bluetooth SCO linksIn SCO, a dedicated, point-to-point link is established between the master device ... Read More

Two types of data links are defined by Bluetooth link layers−Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) LinkAsynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) LinkSCO is a symmetric, point-to-point link between the master device and the slave device connected via Bluetooth.ACL is a point – to – multipoint link for transmitting general data packets using Bluetooth connection. ... Read More

The IEEE 802.1Q networking standard lays down the specifications for VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks or Virtual LANs) on an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet network. The standard is generally referred as Dot1Q. VLANs are a logical group of computers that appear to be on the same LAN irrespective of the configuration ... Read More

Hubs are networking devices operating at a physical layer of the OSI model that are used to connect multiple devices in a network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN.A hub has many ports in it. A computer which intends to be connected to the network is ... Read More

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a communication protocol operating at data link layer the OSI model to prevent bridge loops and the resulting broadcast storms. It creates a loop − free topology for Ethernet networks.Working PrincipleA bridge loop is created when there are more than one paths between two nodes ... Read More

In data communications, wormhole switching a flow control technique where large data frames or packets are partitioned and then transmitted. When a switching device (a bridge or a switch) receives a data packet, it partitions the packet into small parts called flow control units or flits. The flits are transmitted ... Read More

In data communications, cut-through switching is a method of switching data frame or data packets, where the switching device (bridge or switch) forwards the frames or packets as soon as the destination address is available without waiting for the rest of the data to arrive.Working PrincipleCut-through switching is used in ... Read More

A bridge is a network device that connects multiple LANs (local area networks) together to form a larger LAN. The process of aggregating networks is called network bridging. A bridge connects the different components so that they appear as parts of a single network. Bridges operate at the data link ... Read More