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Articles by Moumita
113 articles
What is ad-hoc network?
An ad hoc network is one that is spontaneously formed when devices connect and communicate with each other. The term ad hoc is a Latin word that literally means "for this, " implying improvised or impromptu.Ad hoc networks are mostly wireless local area networks (WLANs). The devices communicate with each other directly instead of relying on a base station or access points as in wireless LANs for data transfer co-ordination. Each device participates in routing activity, by determining the route using the routing algorithm and forwarding data to other devices via this route.Classifications of Ad Hoc NetworksAd hoc networks can ...
Read MoreBluetooth Architecture
Bluetooth is a network technology that connects mobile devices wirelessly over a short range to form a personal area network (PAN). They use short-wavelength, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves within the range 2.400 to 2.485 GHz, instead of RS-232 data cables of wired PANs.There are two types of Bluetooth networks −PiconetsScatternetsPiconetsPiconets are small Bluetooth networks, formed by at most 8 stations, one of which is the master node and the rest slave nodes (maximum of 7 slaves). Master node is the primary station that manages the small network. The slave stations are secondary stations that are synchronized with the primary ...
Read MoreFiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a set of ANSI and ISO standards for transmission of data in local area network (LAN) over fiber optic cables. It is applicable in large LANs that can extend up to 200 kilometers in diameter. Features FDDI uses optical fiber as its physical medium. It operates in the physical and medium access control (MAC layer) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network model. It provides high ...
Read MoreMultiple Access Protocols in Computer Networks
Multiple access protocols are a set of protocols operating in the Medium Access Control sublayer (MAC sublayer) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. These protocols allow a number of nodes or users to access a shared network channel. Several data streams originating from several nodes are transferred through the multi-point transmission channel. The objectives of multiple access protocols are optimization of transmission time, minimization of collisions and avoidance of crosstalks. Categories of Multiple Access Protocols Multiple access protocols can be broadly classified into three categories - random access protocols, controlled access protocols and channelization protocols. ...
Read MoreWhat are Routers in Computer Network?
Routers are networking devices operating at layer 3 or a network layer of the OSI model. They are responsible for receiving, analysing, and forwarding data packets among the connected computer networks. When a data packet arrives, the router inspects the destination address, consults its routing tables to decide the optimal route and then transfers the packet along this route.Features of RoutersA router is a layer 3 or network layer device.It connects different networks together and sends data packets from one network to another.A router can be used both in LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks).It transfers data ...
Read MoreWhat are Hub and Switch in Computer Network?
HubsA hub is a physical layer networking device which is used to connect multiple devices in a network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN.A hub has many ports in it. A computer which intends to be connected to the network is plugged in to one of these ports. When a data frame arrives at a port, it is broadcast to every other port, without considering whether it is destined for a particular destination or not.SwitchesA switch is a data link layer networking device which connects devices in a network and uses packet switching to send and ...
Read MoreDirected Acyclic Graph (DAG)
DefinitionIn computer science and mathematics, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) refers to a directed graph which has no directed cycles.ExplanationIn graph theory, a graph refers to a set of vertices which are connected by lines called edges. In a directed graph or a digraph, each edge is associated with a direction from a start vertex to an end vertex. If we traverse along the direction of the edges and we find that no closed loops are formed along any path, we say that there are no directed cycles. The graph formed is a directed acyclic graph.A DAG is always topologically ...
Read MoreSink Tree in Computer Networks
DefinitionSink trees of a given node in a computer network is a tree formed by connecting the node with all the other nodes of in the network with the optimal path, or more precisely the shortest path. Or, in other words, a sink tree is a minimal cost tree formed with the given node as the destination and all other nodes as sources. A popular measure for the path or the cost is the number of hops.ExplanationThe sink tree follows from the optimality principle. According to it, in a network of routers for data transmission, if a router ‘J’ lies ...
Read MoreComparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Networks
Virtual – circuit and datagram networks are categories of packet switching network. In virtual circuits, a virtual path is established between the source and the destination systems through which the data packets are transferred from the source to the destination. In the other hand, in datagram networks, each data packet called datagram contain adequate header information so that they can be individually routed by all intermediate network switching devices to the destination.DifferencesIssueVirtual – Circuit NetworksDatagram NetworksConnectivityVirtual – circuits are connection oriented networks.Datagram networks are connectionless.PathIn these networks, the path between the source and the destination nodes that is followed by ...
Read MoreMulti-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a routing technique that augments speed and control of the network traffic by directing data from one node to the next node based on short path labels. Instead of being routed using long network addresses, the data packets are routed through path labels that identify virtual paths between the nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS speeds up traffic flows by avoiding complex lookups in the routing table at each node as in conventional routing algorithms.MPLS is a scalable and protocol-independent routing technique. It works with Internet Protocol (IP), Ethernet, Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM). ...
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