Found 825 Articles for Network

In amplitude shift keying (ASK), the carrier signal’s strength varies to describe binary 1 or 0. Both frequency and phase remain constant while the amplitude modifies. A bit duration is a time that represents one bit. The signal’s peak amplitude during each bit duration is continuous, and its value is based on the bit (0 or 1). The speed of communication using ASK is defined by the physical features of the transmission medium.The figure shows a conceptual view of ASK −ASK is hugely susceptible to noise interference. The noise defines unintentional voltages defined onto a line by several phenomena, including ... Read More

Digital-to-Analog conversion or digital-to-analog modulation is the phase of converting one of the features of an analog signal depending on the data in a digital signal (0s and 1s) when we communicate information from one system to another across a public access phone line.For example, the initial data are digital, but mobile services use analog signals, the information should be transformed. The digital data should be inflected on an analog signal manipulated to a view like two definite values equivalent to binary 1 and binary 0.The diagram demonstrates the relationship between the digital transformation, the digital-to-analog modulating hardware, and the ... Read More

When an analog signal is digitalized, that is known as analog-to-digital conversion.Consider a human address a voice in the structure of an analog signal. We require to digitalize the analog signal that is smaller inclined to noise. It needed a decrease in the several values in an analog message defined in the digital flow.In analog-to-digital conversion, the data involved in a constant waveform is modified into digital pulses.Methods for Analog-To-Digital ConversionThe various methods for Analog-to-Digital conversion are as follows −PAMThe first phase in analog to digital conversion is known as PAM. PAM represents pulse amplitude modulation. This method creates an ... Read More

The bipolar encoding scheme defines three voltage methods: positive, negative, and zero. In the Bipolar encoding scheme, zero levels define binary 0, and binary 1 is described by rotating positive and negative voltages.Assume the first 1 bit is described by positive amplitude. A negative voltage means the second 1 bit; the positive amplitude explains the third 1 bit. This rotation can also appear even when the 1 bits are not successive.There are three types of Bipolar which are as follows −AMIAMI means Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversion. It is the elementary method of bipolar encoding. Here the word 'mark' comes from ... Read More

Polar encoding is an encoding design that needs two voltage methods — one is positive, and the second is negative.An average voltage method is decreased using both techniques, and the unipolar encoding scheme’s DC component is removed.In Manchester and differential encoding, each bit includes both +ve and –ve voltage. Therefore, the DC component removed.Types of Polar EncodingThere are two types of Polar Encoding which are as follows −NRZNRZ represents Non-Return to Zero Code. In this coding, the signal level remains consistent during a bit duration.There are three approaches used in NRZ are −Non-Return to Zero Level (NRZ-L)In this coding system, ... Read More

Digital transmission system manages by sending voltage pulses and a medium link, usually a wire or cable. The most encoding one voltage stands for binary '0' and other voltage as binary '1'.The polarity of pulse defines either +ve or – ve unipolar encoding because it works with only one polarity. This polarity is authorized to one of the two binary states, generally '1'. The other state frequently '0' described by zero voltage. The figure explains the idea of unipolar encoding. The binary '1's treated as the +ve voltage and '0' are encoded as zero voltage. Unipolar encoding is simple and ... Read More

For data transmission or transmissions, depending on the distance between devices and transmission media, the data must be converted in a form that can be quickly and correctly transmitted. Mostly the information is transmitted in the form of electrical signals. The conversion of data bits into electrical signals cannot be sufficient; instead, there are soon more transmission requirements.Some transmission requirements are sufficient to signal transitions in the transmitted signal, bandwidth matching of signal and transmission media and proper differentiation in states of received signals. It can meet these requirements, and the data should be converted in a valid format. This ... Read More

Network devices can relate PCs or other electronic tools to share documents or resources like printers or fax machines. Devices can install a Local Area Network (LAN) are the general type of network devices used by the public. A LAN needed a hub, router, cabling or radio innovation, connection cards, and a high-speed modem if an online connection is necessary.Let us explain these devices one by one.Network Interface Card (NIC)Network Interface Card is a device that linked your computer to a network. A NIC is a display in the figure. The cards are set up in a development slot in ... Read More

Modem stands for Modulation Demodulation. A modem converts the digital data signals into analogue data signals. They can be installed within the computer in a development slot applicable for it.There are frequently two types of Modems that are as follows −Standard ModemThe standard modems use generic device drivers, and they can be internal and external ones. The internal modems do not need much physical structure. They can be installed into a compatible development slot. The external modem is connected through one of the COM port to the computer through a cable called a null-modem cable.Window ModemA window modem is a ... Read More

A device that can bridge several network structure is called a gateway. Thus gateways can link two dissimilar LANs. The major difference between gateways and routers is that routers operate at the OSI model’s network layer. In contrast, gateways operate from the lowest to the topmost layer, i.e., the application layer to the OSI model’s network layer.Gateways and routers are used correspondently. It can change data packets from one protocol structure to another before forwarding them to connect two different networks. Hence it incorporates a protocol conversion function at the application layer.A gateway is a connecting device that can relate ... Read More