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Introduction Drying is an essential unit operation in bioprocess engineering that involves the removal of moisture or water from a product. In bioprocessing, drying is a critical step because it helps to preserve the quality and stability of the product, prevent microbial growth, and enhance shelf-life. Addressed below are the mechanism of drying in bioprocesses, including the different types of drying, and their applications in various industries. Drying Mechanisms The drying mechanism involves the transfer of moisture from a product to the surrounding environment through a process known as diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of the concentration gradient between ... Read More
The linked list is a linear data structure that consists of nodes, and each node is stored in memory in a non-contiguous manner. Nodes are connected by storing the address of the next node. We are given a linked list that will contain some integers in a random manner and not in a sorted manner. The task is to find the elements of the linked list which are repeated and we have to remove the duplicated ones. We will see the proper code and explanation. In this problem, we will keep the first copy of the elements of the ... Read More
Linked list is linear data structure and we have given a sorted linked list that consists of the integers. There are some numbers that may be duplicated or repeated and we have to remove them. As the given linked list is sorted, we can simply iterate over it and by using the while loop can remove the duplicate nodes from it. We will implement a proper code to understand the logic better with the discussion of time and space complexity. Example Given linked list is: 1-> 2 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 4 -> 4 -> 5 -> ... Read More
Golang has a built-in math package that provides various mathematical functions. In this article, we will focus on finding the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a complex number using the math/cmplx package in Golang. Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine Function The inverse hyperbolic cosine function (acosh) is the inverse function of the hyperbolic cosine function (cosh). It is defined for real numbers x ≥ 1, and its range is the set of non-negative real numbers. For complex numbers, acosh is defined as − acosh(z) = ln(z + sqrt(z^2 - 1)) where ln is the natural logarithm, sqrt is the square root, and ... Read More
We are given an array that will contain integers and another array will be given that will contain the queries and each query represents the range that we are given by the leftmost and the rightmost index in the array and an element. For that range or the subarray, we have to find the frequency of the given element present in that range. The frequency of the elements means that we have to tell for each integer present in that range how many times it occurs. For example − If, the given array is: [5, 2, 5, 3, 1, 5, ... Read More
The inverse cosine of a complex number is the angle whose cosine is that complex number. In Golang, we can use the cmath.Acos function to find the inverse cosine of a complex number. In this article, we will learn how to find the inverse cosine of a complex number in Golang with examples. Syntax func Acos(z complex128) complex128 The cmath.Acos function takes a complex number as input and returns its inverse cosine value as a complex number. Example 1 Let's find the inverse cosine of the complex number (1+0i). package main import ( "fmt" ... Read More
Introduction Distillation is a process used to separate and purify different components of a mixture. It is one of the most important techniques used in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and many other industries. Distillation is based on the principle of differences in boiling points of the components of a mixture. It involves heating the mixture and then cooling the vapor to condense it into separate components. Definition of Distillation Distillation is a process that involves separating and purifying the components of a mixture by heating and cooling. It is a physical separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture based ... Read More
In Go language, integers are numeric values that represent whole numbers without a fractional component. Integers can be signed or unsigned, and can be of various sizes depending on the number of bits used to represent them. Sometimes it is necessary to obtain the integer value of a specified number in order to perform various calculations. In this article, we will discuss how to find the integer value of a given number in Golang. Using Type Casting to Convert a Float to an Integer One way to obtain the integer value of a given number in Golang is to use ... Read More
In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are a group of functions that are analogous to trigonometric functions. They are defined in terms of exponential functions and can be used to model various phenomena in science and engineering. In Go language, the math/cmplx package provides various hyperbolic functions to work with complex numbers. In this article, we will discuss how to find the hyperbolic tangent of complex numbers in Go using the math/cmplx package. We will also provide some examples to help illustrate the concept. Hyperbolic Tangent The hyperbolic tangent function is defined as − tanh(z) = (e^z - e^-z) / (e^z + ... Read More
The hyperbolic sine of a complex number is a mathematical function used in the field of complex analysis. The hyperbolic sine is defined as the sum of the exponential function and the complex conjugate of the exponential function. In Go language, we can find the hyperbolic sine of a complex number using the cmplx.Sin function provided by the standard library. In this article, we will explore how to find the hyperbolic sine of a complex number in Golang. Syntax The syntax of the cmplx.Sin function is − func Sin(x complex128) complex128 Here, x is the complex number whose hyperbolic ... Read More