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Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA, is the fundamental molecule that contains genetic information in all living organisms. It is a long chain-like structure composed of four nucleotides – adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine – that are arranged in a specific sequence. DNA sequences are not random, but they are composed of repetitive elements known as tandem repeats. Tandem Repeats in DNA: An Overview Tandem repeats are regions of DNA where a short sequence of nucleotides is repeated multiple times in a row. These sequences can be as short as a few base pairs or as long as several ... Read More
Array is a linear data structure that is used to store a group of elements with similar datatypes. It stores data in a sequential manner. Once we create an array we can’t change its size i.e. it is of fixed length. Suppose we have a 2D array of order M x M where M is the number of rows and columns. We have to sort the specified column of the given array. In this article, we will try to find the solution to the given problem. Sorting 2D Array according to column value Sorting means rearranging the elements of a ... Read More
Array is a linear data structure that is used to store a group of elements with similar datatypes. It stores data in a sequential manner. Once we create an array we can’t change its size i.e. it is of fixed length. The problem statement states that for a given array we have to find the minimum product of its subset. In this article, we will try to find the solution to the given problem. Program for minimum product of subsets Example 1 Let’s try to understand the problem and possible solution through an example. For the above ... Read More
Spring and Struts are the two most famous Java Web Frameworks available nowadays. They serve to build web applications through Java programming language. To work with these frameworks one needs to have a strong background and understanding of Java. The features and capabilities of both frameworks make it difficult to choose one over another. This article will differentiate spring and struts from each other to figure out which is best suited for your project. Spring Framework It was developed in June 2003 by Rod Johnson and with its release, it became very famous among developers. It supports various frameworks including ... Read More
IntelliJ Idea is a cross-platform integrated development environment that is designed to develop applications written in JVM based languages like Java and Kotlin. JetBrains has developed this java IDE. It is supported on all popular operating systems like Windows, Mac, Linux. If you want to install this powerful IDE then you are at the right place. In this article, we will provide you step by step guide to installing IntelliJ Idea. The following table shows the system requirements − Requirements Details RAM 8 GB of total system RAM out of which need 2 GB of ... Read More
Introduction Fosmids are vectors used for cloning large fragments of DNA. They were developed in the 1990s to improve on the capabilities of other cloning vectors, such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Fosmids are particularly useful for studying large and complex genomes, and they have become an important tool in modern genetics and genomics research. Fosmids are derived from F-plasmids, which are small, circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria. F-plasmids are often used as vectors for cloning small DNA fragments, but their usefulness is limited when it comes to cloning larger fragments. Fosmids ... Read More
Introduction Exonucleases are enzymes that cleave nucleotides from the end of DNA or RNA molecules. These enzymes are important for a wide variety of biological processes, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and RNA processing. In this article, we will discuss the properties of exonucleases and their applications in biotechnology and medicine. Properties of Exonucleases Exonucleases are a family of enzymes that are classified based on their substrate specificity and directionality. There are two types of exonucleases: 3’-exonucleases and 5’-exonucleases. 3’-exonucleases cleave nucleotides from the 3’ end of the DNA or RNA strand, while 5’-exonucleases cleave nucleotides from the 5’ ... Read More
In java, StreamCorruptedException occurs when problem is found with the data being read from or written to a stream. The problem may be the data we are reading or writing is in the wrong format or contains errors. If the format of given file is not correct. When stream has been closed unexpectedly or the data has been partially overwritten. In this article, we will talk about StreamCorruptedException with examples. But before moving on it is important to understand streams and few of its method that we are going to use in examples. Program to handle StreamCorruptedException Streams Stream ... Read More
Introduction Endonucleases are a class of enzymes that can cleave the phosphodiester bonds within a DNA or RNA molecule. These enzymes play a crucial role in various biological processes such as DNA repair, replication, transcription, and recombination. Endonucleases are also widely used in biotechnology, particularly in molecular biology, for various applications such as genetic engineering, gene therapy, and DNA sequencing. Types of Endonucleases There are several types of endonucleases, classified based on their structure, function, and specificity. Some of the most common types of endonucleases are − Restriction Endonucleases Restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, are a type ... Read More
The Serializable interface provides the facility to serialize an object. It does not define any methods and member variables. When a class implements serializable interface it simply indicates this class and its sub-classes can be serialized. The serializable interface serves to achieve the Serialization and Deserialization of an object. In this article, we will discuss the use of Serializable Interface in Java with examples. Serialization and Deserialization in Java Serialization is a mechanism used to represent a given object into a sequence of bytes and its opposite is deserialization which represents a sequence of bytes into an object. Other ... Read More