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Introduction The total was later amended by the addition of 3 parts, 9A Municipalities, 9B Co-operative Societies, and 14A Tribunals, bringing the total to 25. In this article we will tell you about A Comprehensive Guide to All Parts of the Indian Constitution. 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 12 Schedules make up the current Indian Constitution. Additional information that is missing from a specific Article or Part is contained in schedules. The 25 Parts of the Indian Constitution In its original form, the Indian Constitution had 395 articles divided into 22 parts. The Indian Constitution has 448 articles ... Read More
IntroductionStem-loops or hairpin loops are essential structural elements found in nucleic acids, specifically in RNA molecules. They are formed by base pairing between complementary nucleotides within the same strand, leading to the formation of a double-stranded stem and a looped region. Stem-loops have various biological functions, including gene expression regulation, protein binding, and RNA stability. This article explores the mechanisms of stem-loop formation and their significance in biological processes. Stem-Loop Formation The formation of stem-loops in RNA molecules is primarily due to the complementary base pairing between nucleotides within the same strand. RNA molecules contain four ... Read More
Introduction RNA pseudoknots are secondary structures that have a crucial role in regulating gene expression and protein synthesis in all organisms. These structures are formed when a single-stranded RNA molecule folds back on itself, creating a stem-loop structure that is interrupted by an additional stem-loop structure. The result is a structure that appears to be a knot, hence the term pseudoknot. This article will discuss the structure and function of RNA pseudoknots, as well as their importance in biological processes. Structure of RNA Pseudoknots The structure of RNA pseudoknots is unique in that they contain two stem-loop structures that ... Read More
In any programming language, variables serve as a container that is used to store values. Before actually using a variable we need to declare it first. We can’t give any random names or symbols to it, although Java provides almost all the letters and symbols available for human and machine use. We will explore the naming conventions and set of rules for variable declaration in Java through this article. Variable Declaration in Java When it comes to declaring a variable, we need to define its type first, then name of the variable and an optional value. We can declare ... Read More
Swing is a framework of Java that is used to develop window based applications. It provides a rich variety of GUI (Graphical User Interface) components that are lightweight and platform independent. Some of the classes of GUI components are JLable, JButton, JFrame, JCheckBox and so forth. In this article, we will build a simple student grade calculator using the components of Java Swing. Steps to create Student Grade Calculator using Java Swing To develop this application follow these steps − Step 1 Open your Netbeans IDE and create a new Java Application through the following path − File -> ... Read More
Servlets are small java modules that are used on server side of a web connection to enhance the functionality of web server. All the methods and classes for creating a servlet are available in ‘javax.servlet’ and ‘javax.servlet.http’ packages. Hence, it is important to import them into your program before working with the servlet. In this article, we will develop a simple bill splitter application using Java Servlets. Before starting, make sure you have installed the NetBeans IDE and Apache Tomcat server. Steps to build Simple Bill Splitter To develop this application follow these steps − Step 1 Open your ... Read More
Separators are one of the building blocks of a Java program that helps us to differentiate the regions of the block of code and arrange groups of codes or statements. They help us in defining scopes of particular variables and methods. Have you ever missed a bracket while defining a method or semicolon at the end of a statement? We all do this silly mistake every time we code. In this article, we are going to explore the importance of these separators and what would be the consequences if we neglect them. Seperators available in Java Being a programmer we ... Read More
Introduction A mutagen is any substance or agent that causes a genetic mutation. Mutations refer to changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genetic material, which can occur naturally or because of exposure to mutagenic agents. Mutations are a fundamental process in evolution, and can either be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to an organism. Mutagens are substances or agents that can increase the rate at which mutations occur. Mutagens can be physical, such as radiation, or chemical, such as certain chemicals found in tobacco smoke. In contrast, natural mutations occur spontaneously and are not caused by any ... Read More
Java provides a variety of sorting algorithms and methods that can help us to sort arrays, lists or any collections. The comparable interface is an additional way that is useful when we want to sort custom objects by their natural ordering. For example, It sorts strings in dictionary order and numerics in numerical order. This interface is available in ‘java.lang’ package. In this article, we will create an array and arraylist and then, try to sort them to show that arrays and wrapper classes already implements Comparable Interface. Sorting elements of Arrays and Wrapper class We will use the following ... Read More
Java provides a variety of sorting algorithms and methods that can help us to sort arrays, lists or any collections. The comparable interface is an additional way that is useful when we want to sort custom objects by their natural ordering. For example, it sorts strings in dictionary order and numerics in numerical order. This interface is available in ‘java.lang’ package. In this article, we will learn the use of Comparable Interface through examples. Also, we discuss a few methods and classes of Collection Interface that are going to help us in sorting of custom objects using comparable interface. ... Read More