Concept of Electromotive Force (EMF)The electromotive force (EMF) of a source, is a measure of the energy the source gives to each coulomb of charge. The EMF is measured in volts (V).At first sight, the name EMF implies that it is a force that causes the current to flow but ... Read More

The superposition theorem is used in solving a network in which two or more sources are present and connected not in series or in parallel.Statement of Superposition TheoremIf two or more voltage or current sources are acting simultaneously in a linear network, the resultant current in any branch is the ... Read More

A Voltaic cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of spontaneous (natural) redox reactions into electrical energy. The Voltaic cell is also called as Galvanic cell.The voltaic cell is named after its inventor Alessandro Volta in 1799.In redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions, the electrons are moved between two different ... Read More

A wattmeter is an instrument which is used to measure electric power given to or developed by an electrical circuit. Generally, a wattmeter consists of a current coil and a potential coil.Types of WattmeterElectrodynamometer wattmeter – for both DC and AC power measurementInduction wattmeter – for AC power measurement onlyWorking ... Read More

Transistor as an AmplifierA transistor can increase the strength of a weak signal and hence it can be used as an amplifier in a circuit. The weak signal is applied between the emitter – base junction and output is taken across the load connected in the collector circuit.In order to ... Read More

Important TermsAC Circuit − A closed path followed by alternating current is called as an AC Circuit.Resistance − The measure of opposition offered by a material in the path of electric current is known as resistance of that material. The element possessing the resistance is known as Resistor.Peak Value of ... Read More

When a p–type semiconductor is suitably joined to n–type semiconductor, the contact surface of the semiconductors is called as pn–junction.Properties of pn – junctionThe p–type semiconductor has holes and the n–type semiconductor has free electrons as the majority charge carriers. When both p–type and n-type materials are suitably joined together ... Read More

A practical operational amplifier exhibits some limitations that should be considered in the design of instrument.The Physical Limitations of Operational Amplifier −Voltage Supply LimitationsFinite Bandwidth LimitationsInput Offset Voltage LimitationsInput Bias Current LimitationsOutput Offset Voltage LimitsSlew Rate LimitationShort Circuit Output LimitsLimited Common Mode Rejection RatioVoltage Supply LimitationsAn operational amplifier is power ... Read More

The operational amplifier (also known as Op-Amp) is a multi-terminal direct coupled high gain amplifier which consisting of one or more differential amplifiers and a level transistor and an output.The Op-Amp is a versatile device which can be used to amplify both DC and AC signals and these are mainly ... Read More

A Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has four terminals − Source (S), Gate (G), Drain (D), Body (B). It is a semiconductor device which is used for switching and amplification applications in electronic circuits. In general, the body terminal is connected with the source thus forming a three ... Read More