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Articles by Anusha Karthik
Page 11 of 12
Protoplast Fusion: Methods and Mechanism
Introduction Protoplast fusion is a technique used in genetic engineering, plant breeding, and plant biotechnology. It involves the fusion of two plant protoplasts, or cells that have had their cell walls removed, to create a hybrid plant. Protoplast fusion has been used to create new plant varieties with desirable traits, such as disease resistance, improved yields, and increased nutritional value. Let’s discuss the methods and mechanisms of protoplast fusion. Protoplast Methods of Protoplast Fusion There are several methods of protoplast fusion, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common methods are electrofusion, chemical fusion, and viral fusion. ...
Read MoreProduction of Secondary Metabolites by Plant Tissue Culture
Introduction Plant tissue culture is a widely used technique in the production of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not essential for the survival of the plant but play important roles in plant defence mechanisms, as well as in the treatment of diseases in humans. Secondary metabolites can be classified into several groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, among others. Plant tissue culture is a technique that involves the in vitro growth of plant cells, tissues, or organs under controlled conditions. This technique has been widely used in the production of secondary metabolites ...
Read MorePlant Transformation and Its Methods
Introduction Plant transformation is the process of introducing foreign genes or genetic material into the genome of a plant, resulting in a genetically modified organism (GMO). It is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the field of plant biotechnology, allowing scientists to develop crops that are resistant to pests and diseases, have higher yields, and are able to grow in adverse environmental conditions. Discussed below are the various methods of plant transformations widely used. Agrobacterium - Mediated Transformation Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most widely used method for plant transformation. It involves the use of a soil bacterium called Agrobacterium ...
Read MoreMedia and Techniques for Growth, Regeneration and Storage
Introduction In the field of biology, growth and regeneration are fundamental processes that are essential for the survival of organisms. However, the storage and preservation of biological materials are equally important, as they ensure the continuity and reproducibility of research. Discussed below are various media and techniques used for growth, regeneration, and storage of biological materials. Media for Growth and Regeneration Media are nutrient-rich solutions used for the growth and regeneration of cells and tissues. The composition of the medium is critical, as it directly affects the growth and viability of cells. Here are some commonly used media for ...
Read MoreMajor Aspects of Somatic Hybridization
Introduction Somatic hybridization is a recent innovation in plant breeding that overcomes these limitations. Somatic hybridization is the fusion of two somatic cells from different plant species to produce a hybrid. In this process, the two parent plants are not crossed sexually; instead, their somatic cells are fused in vitro to produce a hybrid plant. Somatic hybridization is a powerful tool in plant breeding because it can be used to combine desirable traits from different plant species that are not sexually compatible. Below we shall explore the major aspects of somatic hybridization, including its history, mechanisms, applications, advantages, and ...
Read MoreIsolation of Plasmid DNA from Bacteria
Introduction Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the bacterial chromosome. They are found in bacteria and are capable of self-replication. Plasmids often carry genes that confer some selective advantage to the bacterium, such as antibiotic resistance. As such, they are important tools in genetic engineering and biotechnology. In this article, we will discuss the process of isolating plasmid DNA from bacteria. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from Bacteria The process of isolating plasmid DNA from bacteria involves several steps, which are outlined below. Step 1 Bacterial Culture: The first step in isolating plasmid DNA from bacteria ...
Read MoreIon Exchange Chromatography: Principle, Steps and Uses
Introduction Ion exchange chromatography is a powerful technique for separating and purifying proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and other charged biomolecules based on their net charge. The technique involves the use of a stationary phase consisting of a resin with fixed charged groups that bind to the target molecules based on their charge characteristics. The principle of ion exchange chromatography is based on the differential affinity of biomolecules for the charged groups on the resin, which enables selective separation of the target molecule from a complex mixture of biomolecules. The content below elaborates the principle, steps, and uses of ion ...
Read MoreImportance of Protoplast Culture in Plant Regeneration
Introduction Protoplast culture is a laboratory technique that involves the isolation of the plant cell from the cell wall. The protoplasts can then be cultured in vitro, allowing for the study of cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation, and regeneration. Protoplast The technique has many applications in plant biotechnology, including the production of new crop varieties, genetic engineering, and the production of plant secondary metabolites. Below we shall look at the importance of protoplast culture in plant regeneration and how it is used to produce new plants. What Are Protoplasts? Protoplasts are cells that have had their cell walls ...
Read MoreHandling & Sterilization of Plant Material
Introduction Handling and sterilization of plant material is an important aspect of any laboratory or plant research facility. Plant material, such as leaves, stems, and seeds, can be contaminated with microbes and other pathogens that can affect the results of research. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of research, it is important to properly handle and sterilize the plant material. In this tutorial, we will discuss various methods of handling and sterilization of plant material. Part 1: Handling of Plant Material Handling of plant material involves the proper collection and preparation of the sample for sterilization. Before collecting plant ...
Read MoreGrowth of Lambda Phage and Isolation of Phage DNA
Introduction Bacteriophages, or phage’s, are viruses that infect and replicate inside bacteria. They are widespread in nature and are found in almost every environment, including soil, water, and the human body. Phage’s have been used for over a century as a tool to study bacteria, and they have also been explored as potential alternatives to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. In this tutorial, we will discuss the growth of Lambda phage and the isolation of phage DNA. Growth of Lambda Phage Lambda phage is a temperate phage that infects Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. It has a linear, double-stranded ...
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