Found 25 Articles for Genetic Transformation

Introduction The field of genetics has revolutionized the way we understand life and its processes. The discovery of DNA, the genetic material that stores and transmits hereditary information, has led to the development of a wide range of technologies and applications that have transformed the way we approach medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. One of the latest developments in the field of genetics is cybrids. Cybrids, also known as cytoplasmic hybrids or cytoplasmic transfer, are created by fusing the nucleus of one cell with the cytoplasm of another. This process can be used to create novel cell lines that have unique ... Read More

Introduction The process of developing organs from three germ layers is called organogenesis. Cell-cell communication, cell fate determination, cell survival and proliferation, cell and tissue size and shape, and the organization of cells into tissues and ultimately functioning organs are all covered. The process through which cells in an embryo's initial germ layers specialize and take on the properties of the tissues that they eventually give rise to is called histogenesis. Research in regenerative biology is based on the study of organogenesis since the production of cells and tissues in vivo and in vitro frequently uses regulatory processes that ... Read More

Organogenesis Organogenesis is the process through which plant organs i.e., shoots, flowers, and roots form from either an ex-plant or a callus of culture. A fully grown plant is made up of organs that are each specialized for a certain task, such as roots for taking nutrients and water from the soil, leaves for photosynthesis, and flowers for reproduction. These organs comprise tissues like the meristem, cortex, phloem, and epidermis. Organogenesis is the process by which various organs develop and begin. Introduction The growth of plant parts like the root system, flowers, and shoot system is carried out by meristematic ... Read More

Introduction Tissue culture is a technique used in biological research that involves introducing small pieces of plant or animal tissue into a brand-new, artificial environment, where they continue to function or develop. Although only a small portion of a tissue is frequently employed, it is significant to remember that whole organs can also be used for tissue cultivation. Here, the process is aided by the use of growth media like broth and agar. Callus Culture Callus is fundamentally an unorganized, dedifferentiated mass of cells that forms from any type of explant when cultured in vitro. The parenchymatous cells that ... Read More

Tissue Culture Tissue fragments from animals or plants are transplanted to an artificial environment where they can continue to thrive and function as part of the biological research technique known as tissue culture. One cell, a group of cells, an entire organ, or a portion of an organ may make up the cultured tissue. In culture, cells can divide, alter their shape, size, or function, engage in specialised activity or collaborate with other cells. Introduction to Culture Media Biological culture media, such as blood serum or tissue extract, chemically defined synthetic media, or a combination of the two may ... Read More

Introduction Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is used to understand the environment and is applied to it. Environmental biotechnology may also suggest that one tries to control biological processes for profit. Environmental biotechnology is described as "the development, use, and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air, and water), and for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development)" by the International Society for Environmental Biotechnology. Definition The simplest definition of environmental biotechnology is "the best use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and algae, to produce renewable energy, food, and nutrients ... Read More

Introduction A growth medium, commonly known as a culture medium, is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid that is intended to foster the growth of a population of microorganisms, cells, or miniature plants, such as the moss Physcomitrella patens, through the process of cell proliferation. Various cell types are grown in various types of medium. Growth Media The two primary categories of growth media are those used in cell culture, which employ certain cell types obtained from plants or animals, and those used in microbiological culture, which are used to grow microorganisms like bacteria or fungi. Nutrient broths and ... Read More

Introduction Plant growth regulators which are also called plant hormones are the ones that regulate the growth of a plant. These PGRs act as signaling molecules. These PGRs are produced within the plant in extremely low concentrations. These hormones are produced by the cells of a plant and not all regulate the growth of the plant but also determine the formation of other parts of the plant like flowers, leaves, shedding of leaves, development, and ripening of fruits, etc. In short, PGRs control all the physiological processes within the plants. Types of Plant Growth Regulators and their Mode of ... Read More

Introduction Totipotency is the ability of the cells to give rise to a whole new organism providing appropriate nutritional and environmental conditions. This property of Totipotency is seen in spores and zygotes. In plants, this Totipotency is seen in meristematic cells. In Totipotency, every single cell can form either tissue, an organ, or an entire plant. Due to this property of plants, we can observe tissue regeneration. Molecular Basis of Cellular Totipotency Every organism has almost identical DNA and this genetic material is packaged with the help of histones and other remodeling complexes to form chromosomes or chromatin. This ... Read More

Introduction Term Germplasm is explained as all the genotypes of a species that could be used for breeding a new genotype. Germplasm conservation is the most effective way for maintaining the genetic traits of endangered and commercially important plants. It must be protected to ensure variability for future species improvement. For plants, germplasm may be stored as pollen, seed, stems, calli, and even a whole plant whereas for animals, genes, and body parts are stored in a gene bank or cryobank. Conventional germplasm is considered as seeds stored at ambient temperature, low temperature, and ultra-low temperatures. But many seeds produce ... Read More