In the vast space around us, there are numerous galaxies present, which are known as large groups filled with stars, dust, and gases all held together due to gravity. All the galaxies are likely to contain stars, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, black holes, nebulae, dust, neutron stars etc.Just like our solar system that lies in the Milky Way galaxy, there are many galaxies in the space. Every galaxy moves at certain speed and exists in a certain shape. Our milky way galaxy is in the spiral shape with a bright bulge at its center.The famous astronomer Edwin Hubble studied the ... Read More

Lord Hanuman is the great central characters  of the Indian epic Ramayana. Hanuman is well-known for his strength and he is immune to all sorts of weapons. He has got extreme speed (manojavam, marutha tulya vegam) effulgence, wisdom, no fear of death (Chiranjeevi), has won over the senses that lure. He has the knowledge of Eight Siddhis and Nine devotions. Even the world’s dangerous weapon Brahmastra can never harm him. He is the most powerful yet very obedient devotee of Shri Rama.The accurate prediction of distance from Earth to Sun:It was written in Hanuman Chalisa, “Yug Sahasra Yojana Par Bhanu, ... Read More

The Utilitarian ethics was proposed by John Stuart. According to this theory, the happiness or pleasure of the greatest number of people in society is considered as the greatest good. According to this philosophy, an action is morally right if its consequences lead to the happiness of people and wrong if they lead to their unhappiness.An example of this can be the removal of the reservation system in education and government jobs, which can really benefit the talent. But this could endanger the minority rights.Following are two main types of Utilitarianism.Act UtilitarianismRule Utilitarianism.Act UtilitarianismThe Act utilitarianism focuses on each situation ... Read More

Sanskrit is the Holy and Divine language of India, written in Devanagari script which is also known for its clarity and beauty. Sanskrit belongs to the Indo-European languages family. The meaning of the word "Sanskrit" is refined, decorated and produced in perfect form. This is the oldest language ever attested on Earth.Covers A Larger PrecinctThough not for all the languages, Sanskrit is surely the mother of many languages, especially languages spoken in Northern India. Even many words from Dravidian languages are derived from Sanskrit. Almost all of the ancient kinds of literature such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Epics, Shastras, Puranas ... Read More

The engineering societies such as AAES, ABET, NSPE, IEEE, and AICTE have framed these codes of ethics which are helpful to engineers to strengthen the moral issues on their work. The codes of ethics play at least eight important roles such as the following.Serving and Protecting the PublicEngineers are in a responsible position where trust and trustworthiness, both are essential. A code of ethics functions as a commitment to the profession as a whole that engineers will serve the public health, safety, and welfare. All the remaining ones contribute to this function in some or other way.GuidanceCodes are written in ... Read More

Alexandre Dumas was the French author who wrote “The Three Musketeers” historical novel in 1844. This novel got popular because of the adventures, plot and the then political scenario consisting of the issues between Monarchists and Republicans that were discussed. The war between France and England during the time of King Louis XIV was also mentioned in this novel.The Three MusketeersThe three musketeers are actually four, with the protagonist who is the young man named d’Artagnan. He befriends three musketeers named Athos, Porthos and Aramis before joining the elite corps in Paris. This is a well-written novel involving loyalty, betrayal, ... Read More

Social reputation is a common desire for every human being. Having lived in a society, any person acquires some reputation depending on the behavior, etiquettes, profession, maintenance, nature etc. from the people around him. When we refer to a group of people who belong to a certain community, they usually form societies and communities and plan activities as we witness in social media daily, to increase their social reputation. Such activities often involve social causes.Scientific Community PeoplePeople who took science as their profession, especially Scientists, researchers, scholars etc. can be referred to as Scientific Community people. Unlike normal people, they ... Read More

The FM receiver is the whole unit which takes the modulated signal as input and outputs the original audio signal. Radio amateurs are the initial radio receivers. They had got drawbacks such as poor sensitivity and selectivity.Selectivity is the selection of a particular signal while rejecting the others. Sensitivity is the capacity of detecting RF signal and demodulating it, while at the lowest power level. Both Selectivity and Sensitivity should be high for an FM receiver. To overcome these drawbacks of the ordinary receiver, the superheterodyne receiver was invented. This FM receiver consists of 5 main stages.RF Tuner SectionThe modulated ... Read More

Yagi-Uda antenna is the most commonly used type of antenna for TV reception over the last few decades. It is the most popular and easy-to-use type of antenna with better performance, which is famous for its high gain and directivity. The frequency range in which the Yagi-Uda antennas operate is around 30 MHz to 3 GHz which belong to the VHF and UHF bands.Construction of Yagi-Uda AntennaA Yagi-Uda antenna was seen on top of almost every house during the 90's when we had only Doordarshan Channels. The parasitic elements and the dipole together form this Yagi-Uda antenna. It is seen ... Read More

Rat-race junction is a microwave device used when there is a need to combine two signals with no phase difference and to avoid the signals that have a path difference.A normal three port Tee junction is taken and 4th port is added to it, to make this rat-race junction. All of these ports are connected in angular ring forms at equal intervals using series or parallel junctions.The mean circumference of total race be 1.5λ and that each of the four ports is separated by a distance of λ/4. The below figure shows the image of a Rat-race junction.Let us consider ... Read More