Observing and researching the night sky with the use of telescopes has been done for millennia. They have made it possible for us to investigate and get a better understanding of the cosmos in ways that were before inconceivable. There are many distinct varieties of telescopes, each of which has a number of pros and cons. Reflecting and refracting telescopes are both typical varieties of optical instruments known as telescopes. Mirrors are used in reflecting telescopes to gather and focus light. Refracting telescopes use lenses to gather and focus light. Read this article to find out more about Reflecting Telescopes and ... Read More

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) developed both the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) and the GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) satellite launch vehicles. The key difference between PSLV and GSLV is their ability to launch satellites into various orbits. PSLV is mainly designed to launch satellites into polar orbits, which are orbits that pass over the Earth's poles. GSLV is used to launch satellites into geosynchronous orbit, which is an orbit above the equator that remains fixed in position relative to the Earth's surface. Read this article to find out more about PSLV and GSLV and how they are ... Read More

Ozone is measured as Dobson units. And a Dobson unit of gas is equal to a layer of gas, with a thickness of one-hundredth of a millimeter at the surface of the Earth. The ozone in the atmosphere is measured by about 300 Dobsons.Ozone is also known as a trace gas, meaning there are very few amounts in the atmosphere. In fact, it is concluded that out of every million molecules of gas in the atmosphere, less than ten are ozone. Though it does not sound or seems like much, it's enough to protect you from the Sun's UV rays.The ... Read More

An Eclipse is formed when a celestial body is obscured by another. We know that eclipses occur when sun, moon, and earth align in a straight line. The Solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes in between the sun and the earth. The Lunar eclipse is formed when the earth blocks the way for the sunlight to reach the moon.Penumbra and AntumbraThe umbra is the innermost and darkest part of the shadow, which is the area when an observer can experience the eclipse completely. The Penumbra is the area in which only a portion of the light is obscured by ... Read More

In the vast space around us, there are numerous galaxies present, which are known as large groups filled with stars, dust, and gases all held together due to gravity. All the galaxies are likely to contain stars, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, black holes, nebulae, dust, neutron stars etc.Just like our solar system that lies in the Milky Way galaxy, there are many galaxies in the space. Every galaxy moves at certain speed and exists in a certain shape. Our milky way galaxy is in the spiral shape with a bright bulge at its center.The famous astronomer Edwin Hubble studied the ... Read More

A rocket can be an aircraft, spacecraft or a missile which is propelled by a rocket engine. A rocket engine works on the principle of Newton's Third law, that is, for every action, there is an equivalent and opposite reaction. Rocket propellant is the fuel which burns and produces thrust to propel the rocket.The propellants are usually fueled together with the oxidants. Oxidants are required to burn the fuel efficiently. Thus the chemical reaction in the combustion chamber produces the required energy for thrust.The propellant is burnt in a controlled manner in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine and ... Read More

Neptune is the coldest planet in the solar system as Pluto has been excluded as it was regarded as a dwarf planet. It is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. It has 17 times the mass of Earth and is the fourth largest planet in the solar system. It takes 164.8 years for Neptune to finish one revolution around the sun and the elliptical orbit of Neptune is inclined 1.77° compared to that of Earth.Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that visited Neptune. It analyzed Neptune's rotation, tilt, weather conditions and also its moons and ring systems.Physical ... Read More

Robonaut is a NASA robot, which is designed as a humanoid. The artificial intelligence makes it easier for Robonaut to do the same jobs as a human. Robonaut could help with anything from working on the International Space Station to exploring other worlds. The core idea behind the Robonaut series is to have a humanoid machine work alongside astronauts. Its form factor and dexterity are designed such that Robonaut can use space tools and work in similar environments suited to astronauts.These new space explorers won’t need space suits or oxygen to survive outside of the spacecraft. Thus they might help ... Read More

Space is an empty void. It is not totally vacant, but rather comprises of a vacuum containing a very low thickness of particles, overwhelmingly a plasma of hydrogen and helium. It also consists of neutrinos, cosmic and electromagnetic rays. One hydrogen per cubic meter is the density of space.There is nothing in between galaxies and the temperature literally reaches 2.7 K, which is −270.45 °C. In the galaxies, 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter. It interacts with other matter through the gravitational but not electromagnetic force.Manned spaceflight is limited to the lower Earth orbit ... Read More

A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust made of hydrogen, helium and other ionized gasses. Initially, it was a name given for any diffuse cosmic object, including galaxies past the Milky Way.Most nebulae are of the tremendous size, even a great many light years in diameter. The nebula that is scarcely noticeable to the human eye from Earth would seem bigger, yet not brighter, when near it. The Orion Nebula, the brightest cloud in the sky that involves an area double the diameter of the full Moon, can be seen with the exposed eye yet was missed by early ... Read More