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Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a set of ANSI and ISO standards for transmission of data in local area network (LAN) over fiber optic cables. It is applicable in large LANs that can extend up to 200 kilometers in diameter. Features FDDI uses optical fiber as its physical medium. It operates in the physical and medium access control (MAC layer) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network model. It provides high ... Read More
To remove leading and trailing spaces in Java, use the trim() method. This method returns a copy of this string with leading and trailing white space removed, or this string if it has no leading or trailing white space.Let’s say the following is our string with leading and trailing spaces −String str = new String(" Jack Sparrow ");Now, let us trim the string −str.trim()Following is an example to remove the leading and trailing spaces in Java −Exampleimport java.io.*; public class Main { public static void main(String args[]) { String str = new String(" Jack Sparrow "); ... Read More
The statement select 1 from any table name means that it returns only 1. For example, If any table has 4 records then it will return 1 four times. Let us see an example. Firstly, we will create a table using the CREATE command. mysql> create table StudentTable -> ( -> id int, -> name varchar(100) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.51 sec) Inserting records mysql> insert into StudentTable values(1, 'John'), (2, 'Carol'), (3, 'Smith'), (4, 'Bob'); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.21 ... Read More
To read inputs as integers in C#, use the Convert.ToInt32() method.res = Convert.ToInt32(val);Let us see how −The Convert.ToInt32 converts the specified string representation of a number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer.Firstly, read the console input −string val; val = Console.ReadLine();After reading, convert it to an integer.int res; res = Convert.ToInt32(val);Let us see an example −Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; class Demo { static void Main() { string val; int res; Console.WriteLine("Input from user: "); val = Console.ReadLine(); // convert ... Read More
Multiple access protocols are a set of protocols operating in the Medium Access Control sublayer (MAC sublayer) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. These protocols allow a number of nodes or users to access a shared network channel. Several data streams originating from several nodes are transferred through the multi-point transmission channel. The objectives of multiple access protocols are optimization of transmission time, minimization of collisions and avoidance of crosstalks. Categories of Multiple Access Protocols Multiple access protocols can be broadly classified into three categories - random access protocols, controlled access protocols and channelization protocols. ... Read More
In order to differentiate the Conductor, Semiconductor, and Insulator, first we have to understand their extent of forbidden band i.e. separation between their conduction and valance band. The main difference between the conductor, semiconductor and insulator is in their conductivity.ConductorA conductor is a type of material that allows the electric current to flow through it i.e. it possesses least resistance in the path of free electrons. In case of conductor, the valance and conduction bands overlap. Due to this overlapping, a small potential difference across a conductor causes the free electrons to constitute electric current.All the metals are conductors. The ... Read More
An unordered list is unordered list of items marked with bullets, circle, disc and square. It gives you the ability to control the list in the context. Allow us to group a set of related items in lists. HTML support ordered list, unordered list and we have to use the tag, to create unordered list in HTML. The tag defines the unordered list. We use tag to start list of items. The list of items can be marked as bullets, square, disc and circle. By default, the list items in the context marked with the bullets. ... Read More
A List of elements can be copied to another List using multiple ways.Way #1Create a List by passing another list as a constructor argument.List copyOflist = new ArrayList(list);Create a List and use addAll() method to add all the elements of the source list.Way #2List copyOfList = new ArrayList(); copyOfList.addAll(list);Way #3Use Collections.copy() method to copy the contents of source list to destination. Existing elements will be overridden by indexes if any.Collections.copy(copyOfList, list);Way #4Use Streams to create a copy of a list.List copyOfList = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());ExampleFollowing is the example to explain the creation of copy of List object using multiple ways −package com.tutorialspoint; ... Read More
On Windows-based PCs, MBR and GPT are two prevalent partitioning techniques. They are layout specifications for storage devices such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or SSD (Solid State Drive). The partition style instructs Windows on accessing the data on the present drive and is selected during disc startup. As a result, having a partition style for each disc in use is required. The partition styles MBR (Master Boot Record) and GPT (GUID Partition Table) are used to start a hard disc. MBR is the most common format and is compatible with BIOS systems. GPT is a newer type that ... Read More
Peripheral devices are those devices that are linked either internally or externally to a computer. These devices are commonly used to transfer data. The most common processes that are carried out in a computer are entering data and displaying processed data. Several devices can be used to receive data and display processed data. The devices used to perform these functions are called peripherals or I/O devices.Peripherals read information from or write in the memory unit on receiving a command from the CPU. They are considered to be a part of the total computer system. As they require a conversion of ... Read More