Found 179 Articles for Windows

The operating system functions on different layers and each of them has its privileges. These privileges are mentioned using a protection ring that is used for sharing resources and the hardware systems, that manage the resources stored in the computer system like CPU processing time and memory access time. Protection rings are arranged in a hierarchical order from most trusted to least trusted privilege. The central ring at the kernel level can access all resources and has the highest privilege whereas the subsequent layers have a lesser level of access permissions. This mechanism is hardware imposed by the architecture of ... Read More

The Operating system manages various application programs that are loaded into the memory after booting the system. The operating system offers security methods to protect the process from other processes and unauthorized access from outside resources manages the resources from both logical and physical address spaces which include CPU, internal memory, or disk area. Protection mechanisms should be provided for these resources to assure confidentiality and integrity factors. Users can directly access the applications in the operating system with the help of a Graphical user Interface or a Command Line Interface. Protection in OS When multiple users access resources ... Read More

Rate monotonic scheduling is used in real-time operating systems and it is a priority assignment that provides a priority scheduling class. This algorithm assigns the task which has the minimum period will be given the higher priority. So, this algorithm is said a fixed priority algorithm, the time given to the task will not change and this in turn will not change the priority over time. All these priorities will not change over time as they are decided before beginning the execution process. It is a preemptive algorithm where the current process is preempted when another process with higher priority ... Read More

The conventional way of executing the process involves single threads, so the chances of malfunction are less when compared to multiple threads. When multiple threads or process occurs then there may be mixing or change in order of the tasks performed. Similarly, when some particular action or program is read and written at the same time, then the “Race Condition” occurs. This Race condition is a security threat to the system which leads to data corruption or loss of data. Race Condition Vulnerabilities It involves running multiple threads, the multiple threads means when many processes run at the same time ... Read More

The file system is defined as the process of storing the user’s data in the computer operating system. This data can be stored in primary memory or secondary memory devices to store and retrieve information. The File is represented in terms of bits, bytes, or any records that can be defined by the author of the file. Each file has a logical address or location which is used for storing and retrieval process. Without the use of an organized hierarchy in file directories, selecting an individual file that is isolated is a tedious task from the user's end. File system configuration ... Read More

Introduction to Attention Mechanisms Attention mechanisms are often used in machine learning to improve the performance of models that only need attention to certain parts of the data they are given. They were first used to translate words from one language to another with a machine. Instead of putting the whole sentence into a fixed-size representation, attention mechanisms let the model choose which words or phrases to focus on when translating. What is Sliding Window Attention? Sliding Window Attention is a specific attention mechanism used in natural language processing tasks where the input is a sequence of words. It works ... Read More

What is Windows Operating System? Microsoft Windows is a graphical operating system which users can use to view, create, and edit files and folders, play games, listen to music, and do a lot of other things. The first version of this operating system was Windows 1.0 and the current one is Windows 11. Two common editions of Windows include Home and Professional. New computers and laptops are pre-installed with this operating system. Why Windows Operating System Alternatives? Windows 11 is the latest version of Microsoft Windows and its disadvantages are as follows: ... Read More

What is Adobe Reader? Adobe Reader is an application which can be installed on desktops and mobiles. It is a free software and there is no need to pay anything to install the app and use its basic features. If you want to use more features, you have to pay a subscription fee. The app is available for a few operating systems like Windows and OS X. Price Plans of Adobe Reader Adobe Reader has two price plans and the details can be found in the table below − Plan Cost Payment Acrobat Pro $28.93 ... Read More

Microsoft's Windows Vista operating system was introduced in 2007. There were two main versions: retail and OEM. While both Vista versions offered the same fundamental functionality and features, there were some changes in distribution, licensing and support. Read this article to find out more about Retail and OEM Vista and how they are different from each other. What is Retail? "Retail" refers to the distribution and licensing methods used to sell software directly to individual consumers or small businesses in the context of software. Here is some important information to remember about retail software versions − Distribution ... Read More

Microsoft provides two frameworks for developing Windows applications: MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) and Win32. MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) is a Microsoft framework for developing Windows applications in the C++ programming language. Win32 is a collection of functions and data structures provided by Microsoft for the development of Windows applications. Read this article to find out more about MFC and Win32 and how they are different from each other. What is MFC? MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) is a Microsoft framework for developing Windows applications in the C++ programming language. It is developed on top of the Win32 API and provides ... Read More