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Data link layer protocols are divided into two categories based on whether the transmission channel is noiseless or noisy. The data link layer protocol is diagrammatically represented below − Noiseless Channels There are two noiseless channels which are as follows − Simplex channel Stop & wait channel Let us consider an ideal channel where no frames are lost, duplicated, or corrupted. We introduce two protocols for this type of channel. These two protocols are as follows − Protocol that does not use flow control. Protocol that uses the ... Read More
We use inline style attribute, to set the table width in HTML. The attribute is used within the HTML tag, with the CSS property width to set table width. Syntax Following is the syntax to set table width in HTML. … Example Following is the example program to set table width in HTML. DOCTYPE html> table { border:1px solid black; padding: 10px; ... Read More
Asymptotic NotationsAsymptotic notations are used to represent the complexities of algorithms for asymptotic analysis. These notations are mathematical tools to represent the complexities. There are three notations that are commonly used.Big Oh NotationBig-Oh (O) notation gives an upper bound for a function f(n) to within a constant factor.We write f(n) = O(g(n)), If there are positive constantsn0 and c such that, to the right of n0 the f(n) always lies on or below c*g(n).O(g(n)) = { f(n) : There exist positive constant c and n0 such that 0 ≤ f(n) ≤ c g(n), for all n ≥ n0}Big Omega NotationBig-Omega ... Read More
In this tutorial, we will learn how we can find the value of a button with JavaScript. Sometimes, we need to use the button tag inside the form tag, where we assign a particularly unique value to each associated with the element using the value attribute. Which later helps the developer to uniquely identify the elements while working with them in the back end. JavaScript provides us with the value property to get the value passed inside the value attribute Let us discuss the value property in detail. Button value Property The button value property is used to get ... Read More
Linux provides us a way with which we can create symbolic links or symlinks, that issimply pointing to another file or folder on your machine. Now let's understand what symbolic links actually mean and how to make use of it. Symbolic links in simple terms mean advanced shortcuts. A symbolic link that you create will appear to be the same as the original file or folder which it is pointing to, even though it’s simply a link. For example, let’s say that you have a program that needs to store its files at /home/user/Downloads/.program. But you actually want to store ... Read More
To make the transport services reliable, TCP hosts must establish a connection-oriented session with one another. Connection establishment is performed by using the three-way handshake mechanism. A three-way handshake synchronizes both ends of a network by enabling both sides to agree upon original sequence numbers. This mechanism also provides that both sides are ready to transmit data and learn that the other side is available to communicate. This is essential so that packets are not shared or retransmitted during session establishment or after session termination. Each host randomly selects a sequence number used to track bytes within the stream it ... Read More
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) are two types of transistors that are the basic building blocks of modern electronic circuits. Both IGBT and MOSFET are voltage-controlled devices. However, they are different in various aspects. Go through this article to get a basic overview of how these two transistors operate and how they are different from each other.What is IGBT?IGBT stands for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. IGBT is a three terminal semiconductor device which is used in various electronic circuits for switching and amplification of signals. The three terminals of the IGBT are: ... Read More
On Windows 10, take these steps to alter the MAC address of a wired adapter − Step 1: Go to the Device Manager Right-click on the Start button and select Device Management from the menu that displays to enter the Device Manager. Instead, press Windows key + X and choose Device Manager from the menu. Step 2: Locate the Network Adapter Expand the Network Adapters section in the Device Manager and locate the wired adapter that you want to modify. Right-click the adapter and select Properties from the menu that appears. Step 3: Modify the MAC Address In the Properties ... Read More
In this article, we will learn how to conduct a z-test for the two independent samples in MS Excel. The main goal of the z-test is to examine the means of two independent samples. With the help of the Data Analysis option built in MS Excel, the user finds the summarized value through the z-test and reaches to the conclusion whether to reject the null hypothesis or accept the null hypothesis, the users utilize the p-value after performing the z-test. Null Hypothesis − There would be no relevant difference between the mean of heart patients and the Hypertension patients ... Read More
IntelliJ is simple and very convenient to use in building reliable as well as scalable systems with Spring Boot, and it has become tremendously famous among Java developers. It also offers a convention-over-configuration approach by obviating the demand for bulky boilerplate code and enabling designers to concentrate on business logic. This potent web tool aims in generating a basic project structure with the necessary dependencies. The second method focuses on importing a pre-existing Spring Boot project into IntelliJ IDEA so that one can work on an existing codebase. To execute this code in IntelliJ one must ensure that they have ... Read More