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The autocomplete feature is a welcome addition in Arduino IDE 2.0. This addresses a major drawback of Arduino IDE when compared to other IDEs, like Eclipse of VS Code.In order to use the auto-complete feature, you first need to select your board (this feature doesn't work till the board is selected). Once that is done, the suggestions should start popping up as soon as your start typing characters, as per the documentation.However, in some cases, like on my machine, this doesn't always happen. In such cases, you can click Ctrl + Space for the suggestions to appear. Perhaps that is ... Read More
In Arduino IDE 2.0, the Serial Monitor does not open in a popup window. Rather, it opens in a new tab at the bottom, besides the Output tab.The Serial Monitor can be accessed by Tools → Serial Monitor, or using the keyboard shortcut (Ctrl + Shift + M)The following figure highlights the various parts of the Serial Monitor.Note that because the IDE 2.0 is in the beta mode right now, the Serial Port may not be detected immediately. In some cases, you may need to restart the IDE for it to be detected.Similarly, the Upload button may not work sometimes. ... Read More
Magnetic Leakage or Leakage FluxThe part of magnetic flux that does not follow the desired path in a magnetic circuit is known as leakage flux.In most of practical magnetic circuits, the path of a large part of the magnetic flux is through iron part of the magnetic circuit and the rest part of magnetic flux flows through air. The magnetic flux in the air gap is known as useful flux $(\varphi_{g})$ since it can be used for various useful purposes.Consider a magnetic circuit having an iron core with a coil wound on it and having a narrow air gap. The ... Read More
What is a Smart Grid?A smart grid is a digitally enabled electrical grid that collects, distributes and works on the information about the behaviour of all suppliers and consumers in order to improve the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of electricity service.Smart Grid = Information Technology + Electrical GridThe smart grid uses a two-way digital communication of technologies and computer processing which enables electricity industry to better manage energy delivery and transmission. It is capable of providing real time information and enable the nearby quick balancing of supply and demand.How does a Smart Grid Work?In addition to the traditional grid’s generating ... Read More
A singly-excited system is type of excitation system used in electromechanical energy conversion which requires only one coil to produce the magnetic field. In the singly-excited system, there is only one set of electrical input terminals and one set of mechanical output terminals. The examples of singly-excited system are electromagnetic relay, hysteresis motor, solenoid valve etc.In a singly excited system, a coil is wound around a magnetic core and is connected to a voltage source so that it produces a magnetic field. Due to this magnetic field, the rotor which is made up of ferromagnetic material, experiences a torque urging ... Read More
When the EMF is induced by self and mutual inductance occur simultaneously, the relative polarities of these two induced EMFs must be determined before making any circuit calculations. The induced EMF in a coil due to mutual inductance may either aid or oppose the induced EMF due to self-inductance depending upon the sense of the windings and the directions of the currents in the coils.Dot Notation or Dot RuleThe dot rule or dot convention may be stated as follows −If both currents enter the dotted ends of the coupled coils or if both currents enter undotted ends, then the sign ... Read More
B-H Curve or Magnetisation CurveThe B-H curve or magnetisation curve is the graph plotted between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetising force (H). The B-H curve indicates the manner in which the magnetic flux density varies with the change in magnetising force.The following figure shows the general shape of B-H curve of a magnetic material. The nonlinearity of the curve shows that the relative permeability μr of a magnetic material is not constant but varies depending upon the magnetic flux density.Magnetic HysteresisThe phenomenon of lagging of magnetic flux density (B) behind the magnetising force (H) in a magnetic material subjected ... Read More
B-H Curve or Magnetisation CurveThe B-H curve or magnetisation curve is the graph plotted between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetising force (H). The B-H curve indicates the manner in which the magnetic flux density varies with the change in magnetising force.The following figure shows the general shape of B-H curve of a magnetic material. The nonlinearity of the curve shows that the relative permeability $μ_{r}$ of a magnetic material is not constant but varies depending upon the magnetic flux density.Magnetic HysteresisThe phenomenon of lagging of magnetic flux density (B) behind the magnetising force (H) in a magnetic material subjected ... Read More
Magnetic CircuitA magnetic circuit is defined as a closed path followed by the magnetic flux.A magnetic circuit consists of a core of materials having high permeability like iron, soft steel etc. It is because these materials offer very small opposition to the flow of magnetic flux.Consider a coil of N turns wound on an iron core (see the figure). When an electric current I is passes through the coil, magnetic flux (ψ) is set up in the core. This magnetic flux follows a closed path ABCDA and hence ABCDA is the magnetic circuit.In a magnetic circuit, the amount of magnetic ... Read More
The major new features in Arduino IDE 2.0 as compared to the previous versions are −Addition of Autocomplete featureThis was one of the main features putting Arduino at a disadvantage. Several other IDEs came with the autocomplete feature, which made writing code much faster. With the introduction of this feature, Arduino IDE will hopefully cover some lost groundAddition of Debugging ToolThough not yet supported by every board and platform, the introduction of this tool is a step in the right direction. It helps you introduce breakpoints and watch variables at runtime, helping the process of debugging.Serial Monitor is no longer ... Read More