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Introduction Proteins are known as the basic body-building macromolecules in our body. Since they are required in more quantity in our body like carbohydrates and lipids, they are called macromolecules. Proteins are made up of monomeric units called amino acids to form polymeric proteins. So, we can say that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins form the essential part of every cell and are important for growth and repair are form the enzymes in our body. They mediate virtually every process that takes place in a cell, exhibiting an almost endless diversity of functions. Study of ... Read More
In this article, we will discuss multilevel indexes in RDBMS, their types, and examples. In Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), indexes are essential data structures that allow faster data retrieval by reducing the number of disk accesses required to retrieve data. But, traditional indexes can become inefficient as the database size grows. Multilevel indexes provide a solution to this problem by dividing the index into smaller, manageable pieces. Indexing Indexing helps to optimize the performance of a database. It minimizes the number of disk accesses required when a query is processed. It is a data structure technique which is used ... Read More
Introduction Bacteriophages replicate themselves by two pathways which are the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Both cycles differ from each other in the fact that in the lytic phase bacteriophage assembles its particles and causes the rupturing of the host bacteria whereas, in the case of the lysogenic cycle, the phage integrates a segment of DNA into the host genome which is transmitted to other generations as the bacteria divides. The lysogenic cycle is also known as the temperate phase and bacteriophage P1 is one such type of virus that shows lysogeny. In this segment, we will be discussing the structure, ... Read More
Overview of Development Action Plan (DAP) Development Action Plan (DAP) is a strategic and structured document that outlines the goals, objectives, and steps required for an individual or an organisation to achieve specific developmental objectives. It is typically used in the context of professional or personal development, and serves as a roadmap for guiding and tracking progress towards identified goals. Components of a Development Action Plan The components of a typical DAP may include − Goals − Clearly defined and specific statements that outline the overarching outcomes or achievements that the individual or organisation ... Read More
Introduction Radio isotopic hybridization techniques have been used for many years for the detection of DNA and RNA fragments from a mixture of molecules. But radio isotopic hybridization techniques are more hazardous as they cause harm to the person in the vicinity by activating cancerous cells and causing harm to the DNA. Therefore, to avoid this problem safer alternatives have been searched and researchers have come up with a comparatively new technique in which enzyme-labeled probes react with the florescent substrate to colored products. Non-Radioactive Hybridization The non-radio isotopic hybridization method helps in the detection of the DNA fragment of ... Read More
In this article, we will delve into an interesting problem involving strings, hashing, and classification in C++. The problem statement is "Classify strings from an array using a custom hash function". This problem offers a great opportunity to learn about custom hash functions, their uses, and their applications in data classification and string manipulation. Problem Statement Given an array of strings, the task is to classify the strings into different categories using a custom hash function. Custom Hash Function A hash function is a function that is used to map data of arbitrary size to a fixed size. In our ... Read More
Introduction to DAO Data Access Objects (DAO) is a design pattern commonly used in software development to abstract the underlying data storage mechanism from the business logic and provide a consistent interface for accessing data in a database or other data storage systems. DAO acts as an intermediary between the application's business logic and the data storage system, providing a set of well-defined methods and interfaces to perform common data operations, such as creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting data. DAOs encapsulate the details of how data is stored and retrieved, allowing the rest of the application to work ... Read More
In this article, we will discuss the Multi-tier architecture of Data Warehouse. Introduction A data warehouse is like a big storage house where information is kept so that people can use it to make better decisions. This information comes from different places like databases and other systems that keep track of transactions. It gets added to the warehouse regularly. The warehouse is a central place where all this data is organized and can be easily analyzed. It consolidates data from different sources. It transforms into a format that can be accessed and analyzed. To ensure the efficient functioning of a ... Read More
This is a protocol used to control concurrency in a distributed database environment. It helps to ensure the consistency and integrity of data in distributed database systems. Concurrency control in databases allows multiple transactions to access the same data simultaneously. In this article, we will discuss the rules and regulations. That is required to keep in mind while applying MOSS Concurrency Control Protocol. Overview of Distributed Locking Distributed locking is a mechanism. It is used to synchronize access to shared resources in a distributed computing environment. It involves locking shared resources to prevent other transactions from accessing them concurrently. Distributed ... Read More
Introduction Once Theodosius Dobzhansky quoted that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” This generalization has been validated by recent progress in Biochemistry and Molecular biology. The remarkable similarity of metabolic pathways and gene sequence across the phyla argues strongly that all modern organisms are derived from a common evolutionary progenitor by a series of small changes, each of which conferred a selective advantage over the other. Evolution by Gene Duplication and Neofunctionalization Sometimes due to mutations duplication takes place which leads to the introduction of a second copy of the whole gene into the chromosome ... Read More