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Data is the lifeline of businesses. With the increasing amount of data being generated and stored, businesses need a reliable and efficient storage solution. One such solution is Network Attached Storage (NAS). In this article, we will discuss the role of Network Attached Storage in Database Management Systems (DBMS), its components, advantages and disadvantages, and use cases. Network Attached Storage in DBMS As we create more and more digital data, we need storage solutions that are fast economically. Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices are a type of storage that are used for this purpose. These are like servers, but ... Read More
Introduction Radiation can be defined as a form of electromagnetic wave that can travel through a vacuum or any other medium. They have both particles as well as wave nature. Since they can travel in a vacuum so, they can travel through space and can reach us and can even penetrate various substances including the human body. Radiations can be natural like cosmic rays or can be man-made like X-rays. Long-term exposure to radiation can be lethal and can even induce cancer in humans therefore, it is very important to protect ourselves from such radiation which can be lethal, ... Read More
Partition By clause can be used to improve query performance. It reduces storage requirements, and improves data manageability. By partitioning a large table, queries that access only a small subset of the data can be executed more quickly. Partitioning can also improve backup and restore times. In this article, we will discuss the Partition By clause in MySQL with syntax and various examples. Introduction The purpose of a PARTITION BY clause is to group rows of a table into separate partitions. This is particularly helpful when performing calculations on specific rows within a partition using other rows from the same ... Read More
Normalization is a process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data consistency. Primary keys are really important in organizing information in a database. They help to make sure that every row in a table has a unique identification so that nothing gets mixed up or lost. In this article, we will discuss different normal forms based on primary keys and their importance in ensuring data consistency. Introduction Let's discuss how we make sure that data in databases is organized properly. We use something called "functional dependencies" to help us do this. Each table in ... Read More
Introduction It was earlier described by Beadle and Tatum that a gene is the part of DNA that determines or codes the primary sequence of some final gene product which can be an enzyme, a polypeptide, or an RNA. On the other hand, as the name suggests, pseudogene or false genes are also segments of DNA but unfortunately do not code for any protein. Since they are of no use in the DNA they are sometimes referred to as Junk genes. They have structural resemblance and are also believed to be derived from functional genes, but they do not ... Read More
Introduction Living organisms produce a variety of proteins for various functions. The type of protein to be produced depend on the function it has to perform, the need of the protein, and its interaction with other proteins. This entire set of proteins that are produced in a living system is called Proteome. The study of Proteome is referred to as Proteomics. Proteomes are important as they are the building blocks of the living system that they form the structural and functional entity of cellular life. The study of proteomics is important as it provides a better understanding of the proteins, ... Read More
Multiversion Timestamp Ordering (MVTO) is a popular concurrency control technique used in database management systems (DBMSs). MVTO allows multiple versions of a data item to coexist at the same time, providing high concurrency and data consistency while preventing conflicts and deadlocks. In this article, we will discuss the definition and components of MVTO, as well as how it works. Multiversion Timestamp Ordering (MVTO) In MVTO, each version of the data item has a unique timestamp associated with it. Transactions that access the data item are assigned timestamps as well. There are three components of MVTO: timestamps, versions, and ordering − ... Read More
It is essential to maintain data consistency and prevent concurrency issues in database systems. It should be multiple transactions accessing the same data simultaneously. Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) techniques provide an efficient and effective way to achieve this. In this article, we will discuss Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) techniques, its various types, and properties. Concurrency Control Protocols Database systems provide concurrency control to ensure isolation among transactions. It maintains consistency of the database through consistent execution of transactions. It also resolves conflicts arising from read-write and write-read operations. There are various techniques used for concurrency control − Two-phase locking ... Read More
Multiple relation queries and JOIN ordering are crucial components of modern database management systems (DBMSs). The execution of multiple relation queries can be challenging because they involve multiple tables, and the order of JOIN operations can affect query performance significantly. Query optimization is a vital aspect of DBMS, as it ensures that queries are executed efficiently. In this article, we will discuss challenges of executing multiple relation queries, techniques for optimizing JOIN ordering, factors that affect JOIN ordering, best practices for optimizing multiple relation queries, and JOIN ordering, and examples of optimization. Introduction Multiple relation queries involve the execution ... Read More
DBMS (Database Management System) is used for effective management of data. It enables multiple users to access the same data without compromising its consistency and integrity. A Challenge in DBMS is locking, which is used to prevent multiple users from accessing the same data simultaneously. In this article, we will discuss a detailed discussion on multiple granularity locking. Multiple Granularity Locking Multiple granularity locking is a locking mechanism that provides different levels of locks for different database objects. It allows for different locks at different levels of granularity. This mechanism allows multiple transactions to lock different levels of granularity, ensuring ... Read More