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Articles by Moumita
Page 9 of 12
What is Wormhole switching?
In data communications, wormhole switching is a flow control technique where large data frames or packets are partitioned into smaller units and then transmitted. When a switching device (a bridge or a switch) receives a data packet, it partitions the packet into small parts called flow control units or flits. The flits are transmitted one by one instead of the whole packet. Also called wormhole flow control, wormhole switching is a subtype of flit-buffer flow control methods and is based upon fixed links. Wormhole Switching — Packet Division Original Packet ...
Read MoreHow to perform Multiline matching with JavaScript RegExp?
To perform multiline matching in JavaScript, use the m flag with regular expressions. This flag makes ^ and $ anchors match the beginning and end of each line, not just the entire string. Syntax /pattern/m new RegExp("pattern", "m") How the m Flag Works Without the m flag, ^ matches only the start of the string and $ matches only the end. With the m flag, they match line boundaries created by (newline) characters. Example: Basic Multiline Matching JavaScript Regular ...
Read MoreConcatenate 2 strings in ABAP without using CONCATENATE function
In ABAP you can use && sign to concatenate variables as below − Variable Declaration and Assignment First, declare the variables and assign values to them − DATA: hello TYPE string, world TYPE string, helloworld TYPE string. hello = 'hello'. world = 'world'. helloworld = hello && world. The output of the above code is − helloworld Direct String Concatenation If you want to concatenate strings directly without using variables, you can use − ...
Read MoreUsing Aggregate function to fetch values from different tables in SAP
When working with SAP databases, you often need to retrieve data from multiple related tables while handling duplicate or varying descriptions for the same entity. Aggregate functions provide an effective solution for consolidating data and selecting specific values when joins result in multiple records. If your query returns different descriptions for the same fund and you want to keep any one description, you can use aggregation functions like MIN() or MAX() to select a single value from the duplicates. Using MIN() Aggregate Function The following example demonstrates how to use the MIN() aggregate function to fetch fund ...
Read MoreBluetooth Architecture
Bluetooth is a network technology that connects mobile devices wirelessly over a short range to form a personal area network (PAN). They use short-wavelength, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves within the range 2.400 to 2.485 GHz, instead of RS-232 data cables of wired PANs.There are two types of Bluetooth networks −PiconetsScatternetsPiconetsPiconets are small Bluetooth networks, formed by at most 8 stations, one of which is the master node and the rest slave nodes (maximum of 7 slaves). Master node is the primary station that manages the small network. The slave stations are secondary stations that are synchronized with the primary ...
Read MoreWhat is Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a network protocol for carriertransmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. It senses or listens whether the shared channel for transmission is busy or not, and transmits if the channel is not busy. Using CMSA protocols, more than one users or nodes send and receive data through a shared medium that may be a single cable or optical fiber connecting multiple nodes, or a portion of the wireless spectrum.Working PrincipleWhen a station has frames to transmit, it attempts to detect presence of the carrier signal from the other nodes connected to ...
Read MoreRadio Frequency IDentification (RFID)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the application of radio waves to read and capture information stored on tags affixed to objects. RFID readers are installed at tracking points and can read information from tags when they come into range, which can be of several feet radius. A tag need not be within direct line-of-sight of the reader to be tracked. RFID is used to check identities and track inventory, assets and people. RFID tags can be attached to a variety of objects like cash, clothing, baggage, parcels, and even implanted in animals and people.Working PrincipleThere are two parts in a ...
Read MoreThe Bluetooth Frame Structure
The Bluetooth network technology connects mobile devices wirelessly using short-wavelength, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves over a short range to form a personal area network (PAN). Data is transferred between the Bluetooth devices as data frames. Two basic frame formats are defined, for transmitting data at basic data rate and for transmitting data at enhanced data rate.Bluetooth Frame Format with Basic Data RateA Bluetooth frame with basic rate has three parts, access code, header and data as shown in the following diagram−The various fields are−Access Code− A 72-bit field containing synchronization bits to identify the master.Header− A 54-bit field containing ...
Read MoreAsynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) Link
Bluetooth link layers define two types of data links, Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) Link, being one of them. It is the type of link used for transmission of general data packets using Bluetooth connection. ACL is a point – to – multipoint link used for irregular traffic between a master device and one or more slave devices.Features of Bluetooth ACL linksACL is a packet oriented link, i.e. the link establishes a packet – switched network.ACL is used for transmission of data traffic which are delivered at irregular intervals, where maintaining data integrity is more important than the time latency.Both symmetric and ...
Read MoreSynchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) Link
Bluetooth link layers define two types of data links, Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) link, being one of them. SCO is a symmetric, point-to-point link between the master device and the slave device connected via Bluetooth.Features of Bluetooth SCO linksIn SCO, a dedicated, point-to-point link is established between the master device and the slave device before communication starts.SCO is a symmetric link, i.e. fixed slots are allocated for each direction.Since fixed slots are reserved, SCO provides a circuit switched connection.SCO radio links are used for time critical data transfer, particularly for voice data.Both the master and the slave device transmit encoded ...
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