Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security standard for wireless networks or WiFi. It was a part of the original IEEE 802.11 protocol. As wireless networks transmit data over radio waves, eavesdropping on wireless data transmissions is relatively easier than in wired networks connected by cables. WEP aims to provide ... Read More

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) are security standards to protect network stations connected to WiFi networks. They were developed by WiFi Alliance for delivering sophisticated data encryption technologies and improved user authentication than the pre-existing Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP).WiFi Protected Access (WPA)Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) ... Read More

The IEEE 802.11 standard, lays down the architecture and specifications of wireless local area networks (WLANs). WLAN or WiFi uses high frequency radio waves instead of cables for connecting the devices in LAN. Users connected by WLANs can move around within the area of network coverage.The 802.11 MAC sublayer provides ... Read More

First of all, the example you gave has different description for a fund. So, you should know which one to be kept. If you want to keep any description, you can use the below query using aggregation functionsSELECT    X1."FundName"    , min( X0."Dscription")    , X0."FundId" FROM INV1 X0 ... Read More

Inter – frame SpacesInter − frame spaces (IFS) are waiting periods between transmission of frames operating in the medium access control (MAC) sublayer where carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used. These are techniques used to prevent collisions as defined in IEEE 802.11-based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi).IFS is the ... Read More

Transmit opportunity (TXOP) is a MAC layer feature used in IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network (WLAN). TXOP defines the time duration for which a station can send frames after it has gained contention for the transmission medium. By providing this contention-free time period, TXOP aims to increase the throughput ... Read More

Extended inter-frame spacing (EIFS), is a waiting period used in MAC layer of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network standard (WLAN standard). It is an additional waiting period used in addition to the mandatory DISF technique in case of corrupted frames.DISF (Distributed coordination function inter-frame spacing) is inserted before sending ... Read More

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a network protocol for carrier transmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. CSMA/CA prevents collisions prior to their occurrence and is ideally used in wireless communications.Rate anomaly occurs when the performance of a high speed station is impaired ... Read More

Arbitration inter-frame spacing (AIFS), is an optional technique used to prevent collisions in IEEE 802.11e based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi), in the medium access control (MAC) layer. It determines the time interval that a station should wait before it sends its request frame, by prioritizing the stations based upon the Access ... Read More

Short Interframe Spacing (SIFS), is the time interval required by a wireless device in between receiving a frame and responding to the frame. It is used in Distributed coordination function (DCF) scheme, which is a mandatory technique used to prevent collisions in IEEE 802.11-based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi).The duration of SIFS ... Read More