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Articles by Moumita
Page 8 of 12
Virtual - Circuit Network
A Virtual-Circuit Network is a category of packet switching network where a virtual path is established between the source and destination systems for data communication. This path appears to the user as if it is a dedicated physical path, but is actually a logical circuit allocated from a managed pool of circuit resources based on traffic requirements. The network resources forming parts of this path can be shared by other communications, however this sharing is not visible to the user. Virtual-Circuit Network Path Source ...
Read MoreEthernet Performance
Ethernet is a set of technologies and protocols that are used primarily in LANs. The performance of Ethernet is analyzed by computing the channel efficiency under different load conditions, particularly focusing on how stations contend for access to the shared medium. Channel Acquisition Probability Let us assume an Ethernet network has k stations and each station transmits with a probability p during a contention slot. Let A be the probability that some station successfully acquires the channel in a given slot: A = kp (1âp)^(kâ1) The value of A is maximized when p = ...
Read MoreMulti-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a routing technique that augments speed and control of network traffic by directing data from one node to the next based on short path labels. Instead of being routed using long network addresses, data packets are routed through path labels that identify virtual paths between nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS speeds up traffic flows by avoiding complex lookups in the routing table at each node as in conventional routing algorithms. MPLS is a scalable and protocol-independent routing technique. It works with Internet Protocol (IP), Ethernet, Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM). Despite the ...
Read MoreComparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Networks
Virtual-circuit and datagram networks are two fundamental approaches to packet switching in computer networks. In virtual circuits, a virtual path is established between the source and destination systems through which all data packets are transferred. In datagram networks, each data packet contains adequate header information so that they can be individually routed by intermediate network switching devices to the destination. Virtual-Circuit vs Datagram Network Approach Virtual-Circuit Network S D Fixed Path ...
Read MoreWhat is Data Link Layer Switching?
Data Link Layer Switching is the process of forwarding data frames between network segments using MAC addresses. This switching occurs at Layer 2 of the OSI model, where network devices called bridges and switches examine destination MAC addresses to determine the appropriate output port for frame forwarding. The data link layer receives a stream of bits from the physical layer, organizes them into frames, and uses switching to deliver these frames to their intended destinations within the same network segment or across connected segments. Data Link Layer Switching Process ...
Read MoreWhat is Virtual LAN?
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a logical grouping of devices that appear to be on the same LAN regardless of their physical network location. Network administrators use VLANs to partition networks based on functional requirements, allowing devices to communicate as if they were connected to separate physical LANs. VLAN Configuration Example Switch PC1 (Sales) PC2 (Sales) ...
Read MoreGigabit Ethernet
In computer networks, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) is the family of Ethernet technologies that achieve theoretical data rates of 1 gigabit per second (1 Gbps). It was introduced in 1999 and represents a significant upgrade from Fast Ethernet's 100 Mbps, providing 10 times faster data transmission speeds. Gigabit Ethernet maintains backward compatibility with existing Ethernet standards while delivering the high-speed connectivity required for modern networks, data centers, and bandwidth-intensive applications. Varieties of Gigabit Ethernet The popular varieties of Gigabit Ethernet are 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX, 1000BASE-T, and 1000Base-CX. Each variant uses different physical media and is optimized for specific distance ...
Read MoreWhat is Cut-through switching?
In data communications, cut-through switching is a method of switching data frames or packets where the switching device (bridge or switch) forwards the frames as soon as the destination address is available without waiting for the rest of the data to arrive. Working Principle Cut-through switching is used in packet switching systems. In packet-switching, the message is divided into a number of units called packets that are individually routed from the source to the destination. There is no need to establish a dedicated circuit for communication, since it is a connectionless network switching technique. In cut-through switching, ...
Read MoreWhat are Routers in Computer Network?
Routers are networking devices operating at layer 3 or a network layer of the OSI model. They are responsible for receiving, analyzing, and forwarding data packets among the connected computer networks. When a data packet arrives, the router inspects the destination address, consults its routing tables to decide the optimal route and then transfers the packet along this route. Router Operating at Network Layer Network A 192.168.1.0/24 ...
Read MoreWhat is Multistation access unit (MSAU)?
A multistation access unit (MSAU), also called a media access unit (MAU), is a central device that acts as Ethernet transceivers in local area networks. It is used to connect network stations or nodes in LANs and operates according to the principle of token ring. The multiple stations are connected in a star topology physically but are internally wired into a logical ring. MSAU - Physical Star, Logical Ring MSAU 1 ...
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