Superscalar processing can be broken down into several particular tasks, which is shown in the figure. Superscalar processors can issue multiple instructions per cycle, the first task certainly is parallel decoding.Decoding in superscalar processors is a significantly more complex task than in the case of scalar processors and evolves into ... Read More

A superscalar processor is created to produce an implementation rate of more than one instruction per clock cycle for a single sequential program. Superscalar processor design defines as a set of methods that enable the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to manage the throughput of more than one ... Read More

The concrete architecture at a given level is normally defined in the phrase of its components. Hence, the description of the concrete architecture at a given level is based on the abstract architectures of its components.As an effect, the concrete architecture at a specific level is a description at a ... Read More

It can interpret the theory of computer architecture at several levels of rising abstraction. At each level, the architecture will be represented by declaring the underlying computational model, the functional specification, and the actual implementation. Therefore, the interpretation covers three elements including the underlying computational model, the level of consideration, ... Read More

Von Neumann’s model is composed of three specific components (or sub-systems) including a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output (I/O) interfaces. The figure defines one of the various possible methods of interconnecting these components.CPU − CPU can be regarded as the soul of the computing system, includes three main ... Read More

There are six basic computational models such as Turing, von Neumann, dataflow, applicative, object-based, predicate logic-based, etc. These models are known as basic models because they can be declared using a basic set of abstractions.A hierarchy of subclasses can be defined for each of the basic models to any extent ... Read More

The theory of a computational model is a higher-level abstraction than the approach of programming language and computer architecture.A programming language can be speculation as a specification device making applicable the system of a computational task whereby a specific computational model is pretended.Computer architecture can be considered upon as a ... Read More

The implementation of global instruction scheduling is a technique called trace scheduling. Trace scheduling was first employed in the Bulldog compiler, developed for the experimental VLIW machine ELI-512 at Yale (Fisher et al, 1984), and subsequently in the Trace scheduling compiler of the commercial TRACE family of VLIW machines (Colwell ... Read More

ILP-compilers have to extract acceptable instruction-level parallelism to make use of available hardware resources properly, specifically EUs. This is not a simple task for extremely parallel ILP-processors, including VLIW machines or highly superscalar processors. In specific, general-purpose programs, including operating systems or application programs, with their small fundamental block sizes ... Read More

Software pipelining is a compile-time scheduling technique that overlaps consecutive loop iterations to disclose operation-level parallelism. A necessary issue with the development of adequate software pipelining algorithms is how to deal with loops with conditional branches.Conditional branches raise the complexity and reduce the performance of software pipelining algorithms by presenting ... Read More