Introduction Macrophages and Kupffer cells are both resident macrophages found in the liver, but they have distinct functions and differ in their origins. Macrophages are found throughout the body and can be recruited to the liver during inflammation or infection. The immune system plays a critical role in defending the ... Read More

Introduction Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, colourless, disc-shaped cells that play a crucial role in haemostasis, a process by which bleeding is stopped in injured blood vessels. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood until they are needed to form a blood clot. ... Read More

Introduction Megakaryocytes are large cells found in the bone marrow that are responsible for producing platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. They are named for their large size, with a diameter ranging from 30 to 100 micrometers, and are classified as a type of hematopoietic cell, meaning they originate ... Read More

Introduction Blood is a vital component of the human body, transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and removing waste products. It is a complex mixture of different types of cells and plasma, which work together to maintain homeostasis. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role ... Read More

Introduction The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that encode for cell-surface proteins involved in antigen presentation to the immune system. These proteins are classified into two groups: MHC class I and MHC class II. MHC class II molecules are found primarily on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such ... Read More

Introduction The human immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens. One of the key components of the immune system is memory B cells, which are responsible for the long-term immune response to infectious agents. Memory B cells ... Read More

Introduction The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes located on chromosome 6 in humans that encode for MHC molecules. These molecules are essential for the immune system to identify and respond to foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. The MHC plays a crucial ... Read More

Introduction Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of immune cell that play a critical role in the immune system. They are responsible for identifying, capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells. DCs are found in most tissues of the body, including lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and are critical for ... Read More

Introduction Within the T cell population, a specific subset known as follicular B helper T cells (Tfh cells) play a crucial role in the formation and function of germinal centers, which are critical for the development of high-affinity antibodies. The immune system plays a critical role in protecting the ... Read More

Introduction Clonal deletion is a critical process in the development and regulation of the immune system. It is the process by which the body's immune system eliminates self-reactive lymphocytes, which can potentially cause autoimmune diseases. Clonal deletion is a complex process, and there are two types of clonal deletion: complete ... Read More