Introduction The Bursa of Fabricius, also known as the Bursa cloacae or simply the Bursa, is a unique organ found only in birds. It is located in the cloaca, which is the common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems in birds. The Bursa is an important site of ... Read More

Introduction The human immune system is an incredibly complex and powerful mechanism, capable of detecting and defending against a vast array of potential threats. At the heart of this system are specialized cells called T cells and B cells, which are capable of recognizing specific foreign molecules known as antigens. ... Read More

Introduction Antigen presenting cells (APCs) are a crucial part of the immune system. They play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses by presenting foreign antigens to immune cells. Accessory cells, also known as antigen-presenting cells, are a subset of immune cells that play an essential role in ... Read More

Introduction Nutrient media is a type of growth medium that is commonly used in microbiology to culture and grow various microorganisms. It is a complex mixture of nutrients that are necessary for the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi. It can be made using a variety ... Read More

An Overview Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or PAGE, is a powerful tool used by scientists to separate and analyse proteins, DNA, and RNA. This technique is widely used in various fields, including biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and proteomics, to study the properties of macromolecules and their interactions. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ... Read More

What is Synthetic Seed Technology? Synthetic seed technology is a plant biotechnology technique that involves the production of artificial seeds from plant embryos. The process of producing synthetic seeds involves encapsulating a somatic embryo or shoot-tip culture in a protective coating. The protective coating is composed of a mixture of ... Read More

Introduction Gel electrophoresis is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and biochemistry that allows the separation of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules based on their size, charge, and other physical properties. It is a simple and effective way to isolate and purify specific molecules from complex mixtures, such ... Read More

Introduction Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique used in the field of biochemistry to separate and purify proteins, enzymes, and other biomolecules from a complex mixture of biological samples. This technique relies on the specific interaction between a target molecule and a ligand that is immobilized on a chromatographic support. ... Read More

An Insight Bacterial growth curve is a graphical representation of the growth rate of bacteria in a closed environment. It provides us with a valuable insight into the life cycle of bacteria and their behaviour under different environmental conditions. A typical bacterial growth curve consists of four phases − ... Read More

Introduction Molecular biology is the study of the molecular basis of biological activity. It encompasses the structure and function of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as the interactions between these molecules. The techniques used in molecular biology have revolutionized the field of genetics and have ... Read More