Operating systems allow user application applications to interact with the system hardware. The operating system itself does not provide any functionality but provides a situation where various programs and systems can perform useful functions.It is software which handles the computer's functionality like scheduling, input/output operation resource allocation, files system manipulation, etc and also acts as an interface between the User and hardware.System views can be improved using a new GUI and adding new features to the OS which will result in a better user experience.The operating system is observed from the user point of view or system point of view.Let ... Read More

An operating system allows the user application programs to interact with the system hardware. Operating systems provide an atmosphere where different applications and programs can do useful work, but it does not provide any function by itself.The operating system is observed from the user point of view or system point of view.Let us discuss how an operating system is observed from a user point of view.User ViewThe user view depends on the system interface. The different types of user view experiences are explained as follows −Suppose if the user is using a personal computer, the operating system is designed to ... Read More

Computer structure is the way that each component is arranged so that communication is possible.The structure of a computer is simple, and that can be represented in below diagram −Parts of ComputerThe computer structure in general, divided into five main parts, which are as follows −Input devicesOutput devicesI / O PortsCPU andMemoryLet us discuss each component in detail.Input DeviceAn input device is a computer hardware which handles input receiving from outside the system. The main function of the input device is to enter data or give commands by the user into the system.For example, the input devices are keyboards, mouse, ... Read More

Operating systems work as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. OS is the software which performs the basic tasks like input, output, disk management, controlling peripherals etc. Windows, Linux etc are some examples of operating systems. Operating System Evolution  Operating system is divided into four generations, which are explained as follows − First Generation (1945-1955) It is the beginning of the development of electronic computing systems which are substitutes for mechanical computing systems. Because of the drawbacks in mechanical computing systems like, the speed of humans to calculate is limited and humans can easily make mistakes. In ... Read More

The main operation performed by operating system is to carries out is the allocation of resources and services, such as allocation of the following −MemoryDevicesProcessorsInformationThe operating system includes programs that are helpful to manage these resources, such as a traffic controller, a scheduler, memory management module, I/O programs, and a file system.Functions of Operating SystemsLet us discuss the function of the operating system (OS) in detail.SecurityThe operating system uses a password protection to protect user data it also prevents unauthorized access to programs and user data, but for external functionality we need to install malware software to protect the system.Control ... Read More

A computer has several modules, with possibly more than one instance of each.The system hardware consists of the following −KeyboardDisplayPrinterCPU BoardMemory BoardI/O BoardThe keyboard, display and printing devices need an interface so that it interacts with the system and the I/O board provides that interface for communication, that interacts is a system bus.The figure given below is of the computer hardware−Processor/CPUIt is the heart of the computer that controls the operations of the computer and also performs the data processing functions.CPU performs the operations like exchanging data with memory with the help of memory address register and memory buffer register.CPU ... Read More

The operating system (OS) acts as a manager for all the I/O device, memory, CPU, file storage resources and allocates them to specific programs and users, whenever necessary to perform a particular task. Therefore, the operating system is the resource manager that means it can manage the resources of a computer system internally.The operating systems are important and should be correctly used when writing the user applications. Large and complex systems have high economic impact and this result in interesting problems of management.Few systems are involved in the design and implementation of OS but, nevertheless many general techniques have to ... Read More

A computer system consists of many resources like hardware and software, which are useful to complete a task. The common required resources are input/output devices, memory, file storage space, CPU etc.The operating system acts as a manager for all the above resources and allocates them to specific programs and users, whenever necessary to perform a particular task. Therefore, the operating system is the resource manager that means it can manage the resources of a computer system internally. The resources are processor, memory, files, and I/O devices.An operating system is the interface between the user and the machine. Before there were ... Read More

The equivalent of deep sleep in Arduino would be the Power Down mode, which consumes the least power out of all the sleep modes. While this has already been covered in another article, but for the sake of completeness, here’s a brief on the sleep modes in Arduino.Arduino’s microcontroller, ATmega328P has 6 sleep modes, of which 5 are available with the avr/sleep.h library.Idle modeADC Noise ReductionPower-downPower-saveStandbyExtended StandbyEach mode has different wake-up modes and different power consumption.The Idle mode is easiest to wake up from and the Standby and Power down mode is the most difficult to wake up from (you ... Read More

In this article, we will, as the title suggests, make the Arduino sleep, and wake it up using an interrupt. Arduino’s microcontroller, ATmega328P has 6 sleep modes, of which 5 are available with the avr/sleep.h library. Each mode has different wake-up modes and different power consumption.Arduino’s microcontroller, ATmega328P has 6 sleep modes, of which 5 are available with the avr/sleep.h library.Idle modeADC Noise ReductionPower-downPower-saveStandbyExtended StandbyEach mode has different wake-up modes and different power consumption.The Idle mode is easiest to wake up from and the Standby and Power down mode is the most difficult to wake up from (you can only ... Read More