Distributed Operating System is a type of model where applications are running on multiple computers linked by communications. It is an extension of the network operating system which supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network. Distributed OS runs on multiple CPUs but for an end-user, it is just an ordinary centralized operating system. It can share all resources like CPU, disk, network interface, nodes, computers, etc. from one site to another site, and it increases the data available on the entire ... Read More

The operating system is a software which handles the computer's functionality like scheduling, input/output operation, resource allocation, file system manipulation, etc. and it acts as an interface between the user and hardware.The different types of operating systems are as follows −Batch Operating SystemMultiprogramming Operating SystemMultitasking Operating SystemMultiprocessing Operating SystemReal time Operating SystemNow, let us discuss the Real time operating system.Real-time operating systemAll real time operating systems are designed to execute their task within a particular time interval, and thus they have to be fast enough to be up to their deadline.Time constraints related with real-time systems simply means that time ... Read More

The different types of operating systems are as follows −Batch Operating SystemMultiprogramming Operating SystemMultitasking Operating SystemMultiprocessing Operating SystemReal time Operating SystemNow, let us discuss the Multi-processor operating system.Multiprocessor Operating systemMultiprocessor system means, there are more than one processor which work parallel to perform the required operations.It allows the multiple processors, and they are connected with physical memory, computer buses, clocks, and peripheral devices.The main objective of using a multiprocessor operating system is to increase the execution speed of the system and consume high computing power.AdvantagesThe advantages of multiprocessor systems are as follows −If there are multiple processors working at the ... Read More

The different types of operating systems are as follows −Batch Operating SystemMultiprogramming Operating SystemMultitasking Operating SystemMultiprocessing Operating SystemReal time Operating SystemNow, let us discuss the Time sharing operating systemTime sharing Operating systemLogically, it is an extension of multiprogramming as in multi programming the user cannot interact properly with the system but in time-sharing it is possible because in this CPU executes multiple processes by switching among them and giving the CPU time to each process and in this time the user can also interact with the process.Time-sharing OS provides short response time as the user can also directly give instruction ... Read More

To avoid the drawbacks of early systems the batch processing systems were introduced. The early systems required more setup time.To overcome this drawback, batch processing is used where the more set up time was reduced by processing the jobs in batches in this approach similar jobs were sent to the CPU for processing and were run together.The important task of the batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the job in batches to reduce the setup time.In the early job processing systems, the jobs were placed in a job queue and the memory allocated or managed by the primary ... Read More

Let us understand the characteristics of mainframe operating systems.Characteristics of Mainframe operating systemsThe characteristics of Mainframe operating systems are explained below −These systems have a large number of CPUs each having great processing power. All the CPUs with great processing power are combined into the Mainframe which as a result has the greatest processing power.The memory of the mainframe operating system is very large. It can even be about more than 8GB.Increased Performance/throughput as task load is shared: Mainframes systems share the task load among different processors and input/output devices. Thus, the processing power and efficiency increases multifold.Supports Time Sharing ... Read More

In the year 1985, the operating system Windows was released by Microsoft. In the beginning, Windows was just a Graphical User Interface in its first version. Windows 1 is the name of the first version of Windows which was released in the year 1985.The purpose of Windows was to let people interact with the machine with a Graphical User Interface without using codes even for all purposes, even for starting a system.The three latest versions of windows are Windows 10 Home, Windows 10 Pro and Windows Enterprise.Process ManagementThe Windows operating system manages the process with the help of a function ... Read More

Inside the computer system the memory hierarchy is arranged from fastest to the slowest as given below −RegistersCaches memoryMain or Primary MemorySecondary MemoryThe memory hierarchy is depicted in the diagram given below −Let us discuss about each memory in detail.RegisterRegisters are very high speed memory, which is present inside the CPU. It is a temporary storage device that means it stores the data temporarily. Generally, they create a general purpose register file to store data. The register file capacity is 32 data words, and each register can be read or written from within a single clock cycle.Cache MemoryThe cache memory ... Read More

The level hierarchy of a computer system consists of different levels that connect the computer with the user which makes the use of the computer. It also explains how the computational activities are performed on the computer.The different levels of computer system level hierarchy are as follows −Level 0 − Digital Logic.Level 1 − Micro architectural level.Level 2 − Instruction set architecture.Level 3 − Operating system.Level 4 − Assembly language.Level 5 − High level language.Level 6 − User oriented.The figure given below depicts these levels −Computer System Level HierarchyLet us discuss about each level hierarchy in detail −Level 0 − ... Read More

The Windows Operating System is one of the most used Operating Systems in the world. It is known for its user-friendliness, interactive and simple user interface. There are certain issues with the windows operating system that need to be resolved in order to improve its performance even further.Some of these factors and the areas of improvement are discussed in brief down below −As the system gets older, it gets slower and the rebooting takes a lot of time.Most of the time the system is running out of space to install an update, so in order to deal with it. We ... Read More