What are the characteristics of batch, embedded, real time and mainframe operating systems?

Let us understand the characteristics of mainframe operating systems.

Characteristics of Mainframe operating systems

The characteristics of Mainframe operating systems are explained below −

These systems have a large number of CPUs each having great processing power. All the CPUs with great processing power are combined into the Mainframe which as a result has the greatest processing power.
The memory of the mainframe operating system is very large. It can even be about more than 8GB.
Increased Performance/throughput as task load is shared: Mainframes systems share the task load among different processors and input/output devices. Thus, the processing power and efficiency increases multifold.
Supports Time Sharing Ability − By the feature of Time Sharing Ability of mainframes it is possible for thousands of users to operate and use the machine simultaneously with efficiency.
Mainframe systems have huge reliability. This makes this very good in use with databases that are prone to inconsistency.

The characteristics of Batch operating systems are explained below −

This operating system doesn't interact with the computer directly. There is an operator that takes as input similar jobs which are all having similar requirements and then the operator groups those jobs into batches.
It's quite difficult to find out the time required for any job to finish. Processors of this Batch OS know how long the job would be when it is in queue.
Multiple users are allowed to share the batch systems.
The idle time of these systems is very less.
It is a lot easier to manage large jobs repeatedly in these systems

The characteristics of Real-time operating systems are explained below −

All real time operating systems are designed to execute their task within a particular time interval, and thus they have to be fast enough to be up to their deadline. Time constraints related with real-time systems simply means that time interval allotted for the response of the ongoing program. This deadline means that the task should be completed within this time interval. Hence, they are used in air traffic control systems.
Correctness of result is also a crucial feature of real time systems and they not only need to produce correct result but that too needs to be produced in the given time limit and deadline else even if correct result is delivered but after deadline it’s considered a failure of the OS.
Real-time systems are concurrent that means it can respond to a several number of processes at a time. There are several different tasks going on within the system and it responds accordingly to every task in short intervals. This makes the real-time systems concurrent systems.
Stability: Even if the load is heavy on a system like it has to respond to multiple processes then also it has to meet each and every deadline. It still responds to every query within time this provides stability to the Real time OS.
There are several different tasks going on within the system and it responds accordingly to every task in short intervals. This makes the real-time systems concurrent systems.

The characteristics of embedded operating systems are explained below −

All Embedded Systems are task specific. They mostly do a particular task on loop/repeatedly for their entire lifetime.
All embedded systems are designed to execute their task within a particular time interval, and thus they have to be fast enough to be up to their time limit.
They have little or no user interface like a fully automatic washing machine which does its task fully once it is programmed is set and stops after its work is finished with almost no user interface.
They are built to achieve a particularly good efficiency level. They are very small in size and, need little power.
These systems can't at all be upgraded or updated. Thus, they must be really high on efficiency and reliability as they can't be updated.