Crystals and resonators are used as timing devices in electronics to generate precise and reliable signals for a variety of applications. Although they perform some of the same tasks, they differ in terms of construction, characteristics, and applications. Crystals are made of piezoelectric material and vibrate at a given frequency, whereas resonators are made of a coil and capacitor and generate a resonant circuit that oscillates at a specific frequency. Read this article to find out more about Crystal and Resonator and how they are different from each other. What are Crystals? When an electrical voltage is supplied to a ... Read More

Electron geometry and molecular geometry are two concepts that are important in the field of chemistry. These concepts are related to the arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the distribution of electrons around those atoms. Although these terms sound similar, there are fundamental differences between them that are important to understand. What is Electron Geometry? The term electron geometry refers to the name of the geometry of the electron pair/groups/domains on the central atom, whether they are bonding electrons or non-bonding electrons. Electron pairs are defined as electrons in pairs or bonds, lone pairs, or sometimes a single unpaired ... Read More

What is a Decoder? In digital electronics, a combinational logic circuit that converts an N-bit binary input code into M output channels in such a way that only one output channel is activated for each one of the possible combinations of inputs is known as a decoder. In other words, a combinational logic circuit which converts N input lines into a maximum of 2N output lines is called a decoder. Therefore, a decoder is a combination logic circuit that is capable of identifying or detecting a particular code. The operation that a decoder performs is referred to as decoding. A ... Read More

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) are two very efficient techniques for examining materials at the atomic and molecular levels. AFM works on the interaction forces between the tip and the sample surface. STM is a sort of microscopy that scans the surface of a sample using a conductive tip. While AFM and STM have certain commonalities, they also have some substantial differences. Read this article to find out more about AFM and STM and how they are different from each other. What is AFM? AFM works on the interaction forces between the tip and the sample ... Read More

In this article, we will discuss the definition, internal block diagram, circuit configuration, and applications of voltage regulator 7805 IC. Let’s begin with the basic introduction of voltage regulator. A voltage regulator is an essential element of power supplies used in several electrical and electronic devices such as computers, amplifier, automobile alternator, mobile chargers, etc. A voltage regulator is basically an electronic circuit that generates a regulated voltage of fixed value from an unregulated fluctuating voltage. A voltage regulator is required in a circuit because all voltage sources cannot provide a steady voltage due to change in the load current ... Read More

Electricity is form of energy that is obtained from other form of energy such as chemical energy, nuclear energy, heat energy, solar energy, etc. available in the nature. Electricity is the phenomenon associated with the existence and motion of the electric charge in the matter. This article is meant for explaining the nature of electricity. But before that we will understand the concept of electricity and is existence. The Concept of Electricity Electricity, also referred to as electrical energy, is a form of energy which is usually obtained from other forms of energy present in the nature. Electricity is a ... Read More

The collection of electrons (electric charge) at a short distance away from a metal surface forming a cloud of electric charge around the metal surface is known as space charge. These electrons are emitted from the metal surface on the application of electric field. In other words, the space charge is defined as the spatial distribution of electric charge within an insulating medium. In this article, we will discuss the definition and consequences of the space charge. What is Space Charge? As discuss above, the space charge is the accumulation or collection of electric charge in a particular region within ... Read More

We have several electrical and electronic circuits that require a DC power supply to operate. But, due to some technical and economical limitations, we cannot use conventional sources of DC power such as batteries and DC generators. In this situation, we use an electronic circuit that can convert AC power into DC power, such a circuit is known as rectifier. However, the DC power output of a rectifier is a fluctuating DC voltage and current which may damage the electronic circuit. Thus, to overcome the problem of variation in voltage, some voltage regulating devices are used so that we can ... Read More

In electrical and electronic circuits, the difference between potentials of two points is referred to as voltage or potential difference. Sometime we come across a term "open circuit voltage" while analyzing electric circuits. The term open circuit voltage is very common when we use Thevenin’s Theorem to analyze the circuit. Therefore, in this article, we will discuss what the open circuit voltage is, and how to calculate and test it. So let’s begin with a basic introduction of the open circuit voltage. What is Open Circuit Voltage? In an electric circuit, when a gap or open is created, and the ... Read More

In electrical and electronics, the term electric current (or current) is used to represent the flow of electric charge (electrons or holes) in a particular direction. Hence, the electric current is simply defined as the directed flow of electrons (in metals), and electrons and holes (in semiconductors). In actual practice, the electric current can only flow through metals and semiconductors, while insulators block the flow of electric current through them. Based on the direction of flow, the electrical current is broadly classified into two types namely direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). In this article, we will discuss the ... Read More