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In case you don’t want to overwrite a string, but just change a character at a specific position, Arduino provides the setCharAt() function exactly for that.SyntaxString1.setCharAt(ind, new_char);String 1 is the string to modify. ind is the index where the character needs to be set. new_char is the value of the new character that needs to be set.This function returns nothing, and modifies the string in place.ExampleThe following example illustrates the use of this function.void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); String string1 = "Hello World!"; Serial.println(string1); string1.setCharAt(4, ... Read More
In this article, we will walkthrough the example code in Arduino, which helps generate the ASCII table in the Serial Monitor output. For your reference, this is what the ASCII table looks like − http://www.asciitable.com/It contains the character, followed by its ASCII code in decimal, hexadecimal, and sometimes, even octal and binary representations. In this example, we will print out all these representations for printable ASCII characters. Remember that the first printable ASCII character starts from number 33, and the printable characters go on up to number 126. Since we will print out the ASCII table on the Serial Monitor, ... Read More
Switch case in Arduino is just like the switch case in C language. For those who are unaware of switch case, it is a more compact way of writing multiple if statements, when they concern the value of a variable.Syntaxswitch (var) { case value1: // statements for value1 break; case value2: // statements for value2 break; . . . default: // statements for default value break; }var is the variable whose different values we are checking. If its value ... Read More
Just like analogRead() helps you to read analog voltages, digitalRead() helps you read digital levels.SyntaxdigitalRead(pin)When pin is the number of the pin whose digital level you wish to read. This function returns either HIGH or LOW.Please note that if the pin you are wishing to read is not connected to anything, it can return either HIGH or LOW, and this value can change with time and noise. Also, in general, analog pins can be used for digitalRead(). As stated in Arduino’s documentation, the following are the exceptions −Arduino Nano, Pro Mini, and Mini’s A6 and A7 pins, which can only ... Read More
Just like indexOf() helps identify the first occurrence of a substring within a string, the lastIndexOf() function helps identify the last occurrence. This is because lastIndexOf() performs backward search, while indexOf() performs forward search.syntaxmyString.lastIndexOf(substr)Where substr is the substring to search for in myString. It can be a character or a string.Just like indexOf(), this function also accepts an optional from argument, in case you want the backward search to begin from a specific index. The syntax in that case is −SyntaxmyString.lastIndexOf(substr, from)Just like indexOf(), this function either returns the last index of the substring within the string, or it returns -1 if no match ... Read More
The indexOf() function within Arduino scans a string from the beginning, and returns the first index of the specified substring within the string. The syntax is −SyntaxmyString.indexOf(substr)where substr is the substring to search for. It can be of type character or string.Optionally, you can provide a different starting point to begin the search from, in which case, the syntax is −SyntaxmyString.indexOf(substr, from)where from is the index from where the search should start. This function returns the index of the first occurrence of the substring within the string, or -1, if no match is found.Examplevoid setup() { // put your setup code here, ... Read More
Suppose, we are given a binary tree that has a problem; one of the node's right child pointer points to another node at the same level in the binary tree erroneously. So, to fix this problem, we have to find out the node that has this error and delete that node and its descendants except the node that it is erroneously pointing to. We return the root node of the fixed binary tree.So, if the input is likeWe can see that there is an erroneous link between 4 and 6. The right child pointer of 4 points to 6.then the ... Read More
Suppose, we are given a binary tree and a node that is situated at the leaf of the binary tree.We have to make the leaf node the root node of the binary tree. We can do it in the following way −If a node has a left child, it becomes the right child.A node's parent becomes its left child. In this process, the parent node's link to that node becomes null, so it will have only one child.The node structure of the tree is like below −TreeNode: data: left: right: parent: We have ... Read More
Suppose, we are given a binary tree and are asked to find out the lowest common ancestor of all the nodes in the tree. The lowest common ancestor in a binary tree is the lowest node of which the nodes x1, x2, x3, ...., xn are descendants. A particular node can also be a descendant of itself. We have to find the node and return it as an output. The inputs are the root node of the tree and the list of nodes that we have to find the ancestor of.So, if the input is likeand the list of nodes ... Read More
Sometimes, a string can contain leading or trailing whitespaces. Arduino has a trim() function that removes all these leading/trailing whitespaces from the string.SyntaxString1.trim()Where String1 is the string that you need to trim. Please note that this function doesn’t return anything. String1 itself is modified.ExampleThe following example illustrates this −void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println(); String string1 = " Hello World! "; Serial.println(string1); string1.trim(); Serial.println(string1); } void loop() { // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: }OutputThe Serial Monitor output is ... Read More