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A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that obtains binary data from one of 2" input data lines and manages it to an individual output line. The selection of a specific input data line for the output is decided by a collection of selection inputs. A 2"-to-1 multiplexer has 2" input data lines and n input selection lines whose bit combinations decide which input data are chosen for the output.A 4-to-1-line multiplexer is demonstrated in the figure. Each of the four data inputs I0 through I3 is used to one input of an AND gate. The two selection inputs S1 and ... Read More
A register that goes through a fixed series of states upon the software of input pulses is known as a counter. The input pulses can be clock pulses or can emerge from an outside source. They can appear at orderly intervals of time or at random.Counters are initiate in almost all apparatus including digital logic. It can be used for counting the multiple occurrences of an event and are beneficial for producing timing signals to regulate the sequence of operations in digital computers. There are multiple sequences that a counter can follow and the consecutive binary sequence is clean and ... Read More
A register adequate for changing its binary data in one or both directions is known as a shift register. The logical design of a shift register includes a series of flip-flops, with the output of one flip-flop linked to the input of the next flip-flop.Operations of Shift RegisterThere are various modes of operations of shift registers which are as follows −Serial-In Serial-Out Shift RegisterThe controlling of shifting of information decides the ‘serial-in serial-out’ shift register into the right shift and left shift register. The diagram demonstrates a ‘serial-in serial-out’ right shift register.During the first clock pulse, the signal on the ... Read More
A register is a set of flip-flops with each flip-flop adequate for saving one bit of data. An n-bit register has a set of n flip-flops and is adequate for saving any binary data of n bits. In the flip-flops, a register can have combinational gates that implement specific data-processing operations.A register includes a set of flip-flops and gates that influence their change. The flip-flops manage the binary data and the gates control when and how current data is moved into the register.There are multiple kinds of registers that are accessible economically. The elementary register includes just flip-flops, with no ... Read More
The T flip-flop is also called toggle flip-flop. It is a change of the JK flip-flop. The T flip flop is received by relating both inputs of a JK flip-flop. The T flip-flop is received by relating the inputs ‘J’ and ‘K’. When T = 0, both AND gates are disabled. Therefore, there is no change in the output. When T= 1, the output toggles.The diagram demonstrates the circuit diagram of a T flip-flop.The truth table of T flip-flop is displayed in the table.QNTQN+1000011101110The logic symbol of the T flip-flop is shown in the figure.
J-K flip-flop can be treated as an alteration of the S-R flip-flop. J represents SET, and 'K' represents CLEAR. In the JK flip-flop, the ‘S’ input is known as the ‘J’ input, and the ‘R’ input is known as the ‘K’ input. The output of the JK flip-flop does not modify if both ‘J’ and ‘K’ are ‘0’. If both the inputs are ‘1’, then the output dial to its free.The figure shows the circuit diagram of a JK flip-flop.The truth table of the JK flip-flop is displayed in the table.SRQN-100QN01010111$\overline{Q_{N}}$The logic symbol for the JK flip-flop is demonstrated in ... Read More
Flip flops are an application of logic gates. A flip-flop circuit can stay in a binary state continually (as long as power is transferred to the circuit) before conducted by an input signal to switch states. S-R flip-flop represents SET-RESET flip-flops. The SET-RESET flip-flop includes two NOR gates and also two NAND gates. These flip-flops are also known as S-R Latch.The SR flip-flop has two inputs such as the ‘Set’ input and a ‘Reset’ input. The two outputs of SR flip-flop are the main output Q and its complement $\overline{Q}$.The diagram shows the circuit diagram of an SR flip-flop.The truth ... Read More
The block diagram of an asynchronous communication interface is displayed in the figure. It works as both a sender and a receiver. The interface is boot up for a specific mode of transfer using a control byte that is loaded into its control register. The transmitter register receives a data byte from the CPU by the data bus. This byte is sent to a shift register for serial transmission.The receiver portion receives serial information into another shift register, and when a finalize data byte is acquired, it is moved to the receiver register. The CPU can choose the receiver register ... Read More
A signed-magnitude method is used by computers to implement floating-point operations. Signed-2’s complement method is used by most computers for arithmetic operations executed on integers. In this approach, the leftmost bit in the number is used for signifying the sign; 0 indicates a positive integer, and 1 indicates a negative integer. The remaining bits in the number supported the magnitude of the number.Example: -2410 is defined as −10011000In this example, the leftmost bit 1 defines negative, and the magnitude is 24.The magnitude for both positive and negative values is the same, but they change only with their signs.The range of ... Read More
A scheduling system consists of program tasks, a target machine, and a schedule in which a specific performance criterion is optimized.Program Tasks − The characteristics of a parallel program can be defined as the system (T,