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Inter process communication requires communicating to establish a shared memory region. A shared memory region is present in the address space for the process that creates the shared memory segment. And other processes are communicating using a shared memory segment that is attaching it to their address space.Operating system prevents one process from accessing another process’s memory.In shared memory two or more processes can exchange information by reading and writing data in shared memory areas. The processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to save location.Producer-consumer problemNow, let us discuss producer-consumer process problems.Step 1 − A ... Read More
Shared memory system is the fundamental model of inter process communication. In a shared memory system, in the address space region the cooperating communicate with each other by establishing the shared memory region.Shared memory concept works on fastest inter process communication.If the process wants to initiate the communication and it has some data to share, then establish the shared memory region in its address space. After that, another process wants to communicate and tries to read the shared data, and must attach itself to the initiating process’s shared address space.Let us see the working condition of the shared memory system ... Read More
There are the following aspects of data mining for biological data analysis which are as follows −Semantic integration of heterogeneous, distributed genomic and proteomic databases − Genomic and proteomic data sets are generated at multiple labs and by various methods. They are distributed, heterogeneous, and of a wide variety. The semantic integration of such data is important to the cross-site analysis of biological records.Furthermore, it is essential to find correct linkages among research literature and their related biological entities. Such integration and linkage analysis can support the systematic and coordinated analysis of genome and biological records. This has promoted the ... Read More
When the user wants to give an instruction to the OS then it will do it through system calls. Or a user program can access the kernel which is a part of the OS through system calls.It is a programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system.Program executes in two modes, which are as follows −User mode − Cannot access any hardware resources, which perform only the user operations.Kernel mode − Can access hardware resources like RAM, Printer.The processor in a computer switches between the two modes depending upon what types ... Read More
The telecommunication industry has quickly evolved from providing local and long-distance telephone services to providing several other comprehensive communication services, such as fax, pager, cellular phone, web messenger, images, e-mail, computer and Web data transmission, and several data traffic.The integration of telecommunication, computer network, the Internet, and several other means of communication and computing is also underway. Furthermore, with the deregulation of the telecommunication market in several countries and the development of new computer and communication technologies, the telecommunication industry is rapidly expanding and hugely competitive.This makes a huge demand for data mining in order to support understanding the business ... Read More
A process is a program in execution and it is more than a program code called as text section and this concept works under all the operating system because all the task perform by the operating system needs a process to perform the taskThe process executes when it changes state. The state of a process is defined by the current activity of the process.Each process may be any one of the following states −New − The process is being created.Running − In this state the instructions are being executed.Waiting − The process is in waiting state until an event is ... Read More
The retail industry is a major application area for data mining because it collects huge amounts of records on sales, users shopping history, goods transportation, consumption, and service. The quantity of data collected continues to expand promptly, especially because of the increasing ease, accessibility, and popularity of business conducted on the internet, or e-commerce.Today, multiple stores also have websites where users can create purchases online. Some businesses, including Amazon.com (www.amazon.com), exist solely online, without any brick-and-mortar (i.e., physical) store areas. Retail data support a rich source for data mining.Retail data mining can help identify user buying behaviors, find user shopping ... Read More
UNIX is one of the most popular operating systems on multi-user systems. Actually, it originated as a single-user system. It has limited structuring.UNIX OS consists of two separable parts which are as follows −System programs.Kernel.Now, let us see the architecture of UNIX.Unix ArchitectureUnix operating system architecture is divided into four layers as given below −HardwareKernelSystem call or shellApplication programsGiven below is the diagram of UNIX architecture showing all the layers −KernelIt is a part of the operating system. It interacts directly with the hardware of the computer with the help of a device that is built into the kernel.Functions of ... Read More
Financial data collected in the banking and financial market are relatively done, reliable, and of huge quality, which supports systematic data analysis and data mining. Therefore it can present a few typical cases which are as follows −Design and construction of data warehouses for multidimensional data analysis and data mining − Data warehouses are required to be constructed for banking and financial records. Multidimensional data analysis methods must be used to analyze the general features of such data.For instance, one can like to view the debt and revenue changes by month, by region, by sector, and by several elements, along ... Read More
The Classical Waterfall ModelThe Classical Waterfall Model is the foundation upon which all other life cycle models are built. It's a fantastic model. The Classical Waterfall model, on the other hand, cannot be employed in real-world project development because it lacks a method for correcting faults that occur during one of the stages but are discovered afterward. The introduction of feedback pathways in the Iterative Waterfall model solves this issue.Advantages of the Classical Waterfall ModelThe waterfall model is an idealized software development approach. Because it is so basic, it may serve as a foundation for different software development life cycle ... Read More