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Sparsh Table is a data structure, which is used to give results of range queries. It provides the result of most range queries in O(logN) complexity. For maximum range queries, it can also compute the result in O(1).This tutorial will discuss the problem of a range sum query using a sparse table where we are given an array. We need to find the sum of all elements in range L and R, for example.Input: arr[ ] = { 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 3 } query(1, 3), query(0, 2), query(1, 5). Output: 10 7 19 Input: arr[ ] ... Read More
Testing is the process of running a software and looking for flaws. Our program must be error-free in order to work effectively. If the testing is completed successfully, the program will be free of any faults.Testing PrinciplesFollowing are the major principles of Testing a software −All tests must satisfy the customer's needs.To make our software testing more efficient, we should use a third party.It is impossible to do exhaustive testing. We need the optimum quantity of testing depending on the application's risk assessment.All tests that will be undertaken should be prepared before they are carried out.It adheres to the Pareto ... Read More
Discuss a problem to answer queries to the given array. For each query index, we need to find the number of ones and zeros to the left of the index, for example.Input: arr[ ] = { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0}, queries[ ] = { 2, 4, 1, 0, 5 } Output: query 1: zeros = 1, ones = 1 query 2: zeros = 1, ones = 3 query 3: zeros = 1, ones = 0 query 4: zeros = 0, ones = 0 query 5: zeros = 2, ones = 3 Input: arr[ ... Read More
To calculate the XOR of all the subarrays present in the given range and print it. For exampleInput : arr[] = { 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 }, Q = 3 Queries q1 = { 1, 2 } q2 = { 2, 4 } q3 = { 1, 4 } Output : 0 2 0 Explanation : As the given problem states that we need to find XOR of all the subarrays present in the given range so as for query 2 the subarrays are : {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}, (1, 2, 3} So ... Read More
Given an array of N integers and Q queries of ranges. For each query, we need to return the XOR of the greatest odd divisor of each number in the range.The greatest odd divisor is the greatest odd number which can divide number N, e.g . The greatest odd divisor of 6 is 3, for example.Input: nums[ ] = { 3, 6, 7, 10 }, query[ ] = { { 0, 2 }, { 1, 3 } } Output: query1: 7 query2: 1 Explanation: greatest odd divisors of nums array are { 3, 3, 7, 5 }. For query ... Read More
A Test Plan is a thorough document that outlines the test strategy, objectives, timetable, estimation, deliverables, and resources needed to accomplish software testing. The Test Plan assists us in determining the amount of work required to confirm the quality of the application being tested. The test plan is a blueprint for conducting software testing operations as a defined procedure, which the test manager closely monitors and controls."A test plan is a document detailing the scope, strategy, resources, and timetable of expected test activities, " according to the ISTQB definition.Let's look at an example/scenario of a Test Plan: You want to ... Read More
What is the definition of a test environment?A testing environment is a software and hardware configuration that allows testing teams to run test cases. In other words, it enables test execution with properly configured hardware, software, and network.The test bed or test environment is set up according to the requirements of the Application Under Test. On rare occasions, a test bed may be a mix of the test environment and the test data with which it interacts.Software testing success is ensured by setting up the correct test environment. Any errors in this procedure may result in the customer incurring more ... Read More
What exactly is a Test Condition?In software testing, a test condition is a specification that a tester must adhere to when testing a software program. For test cases, a test condition is a collection of restrictions that might include features such as transactions, functions, or structural aspects in order to test the software application. Test circumstances aid in the bug-free development of software applications.Test conditions are developed from real-world test situations, as well as test bases and use cases. There might be several Test Conditions in a Test Scenario while verifying Test Conditions.Test Condition's level of detail is determined by ... Read More
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC), despite their similar names, are two different and distinct methods for guaranteeing project success in software development. Let's look at how you may get the most of both of them for your software development project −What is Software Development Life Cycle?The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a term that refers to the process of creating software.Based on a research paper by Dr. Winston Royce released in 1970, the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a linear sequence of processes for delivering software. The procedure is as ... Read More
What is the definition of information security (InfoSec)?The methods and practices that businesses employ to secure information are referred to as information security (or InfoSec). This also contains policy settings that prohibit unauthorized individuals from gaining access to company or personal data. InfoSec is a rapidly expanding and changing discipline that encompasses everything from network and infrastructure security to testing and auditing.Information security safeguards sensitive data against illegal access, alteration, or recording, as well as any disturbance or destruction. The purpose is to protect vital data such as customer account information, financial information, and intellectual property.Robbery of private information, data ... Read More