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There are various techniques of Monoalphabetic cipher which are as follows −Additive Cipher − Additive cipher is one method of changing a permutation of the letters of the alphabet. Each letter in the alphabet is cyclically changed by the equivalent amount and the relative order of the letters is kept the similar.The number of position the letter has been transformed is known as key. For example if it can use a key value of 5, ‘a’ is changed 5 positions right in the alphabet to ‘F’, ‘b’, to ‘G’ and so on.The letter ‘u’ is changed to ‘Z’ and thus ... Read More
Whatever your motivation for utilizing a VPN, it always changes your IP address in the eyes of the outside world. And, because your IP determines your location for websites and online services, altering it implies changing your location.This is known as geo-spoofing and has a number of advantages, including maintaining your online privacy, gaining access to region-restricted information, and saving money by taking advantage of deals reserved for other nations.So, how exactly do you change your VPN location? What makes you think you'd want to do that? And what happens if it doesn't work? Continue reading for a step-by-step guide ... Read More
The substitution cipher is the oldest forms of encryption algorithms according to creates each character of a plaintext message and require a substitution process to restore it with a new character in the ciphertext.This substitution method is deterministic and reversible, enabling the intended message recipients to reverse-substitute ciphertext characters to retrieve the plaintext.The specific form of substitution cipher is the Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher, is known as “Simple Substitution Cipher”. Monoalphabetic Substitution Ciphers based on an individual key mapping function K, which consistently replaces a specific character α with a character from the mapping K (α).A mono-alphabetic substitution cipher is a ... Read More
A poly-alphabetic cipher is any cipher based on substitution, using several substitution alphabets. In polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, the plaintext letters are enciphered differently based upon their installation in the text. Rather than being a one-to-one correspondence, there is a one-to-many relationship between each letter and its substitutes.For example, ‘a’ can be enciphered as ‘d’ in the starting of the text, but as ‘n’ at the middle. The polyalphabetic ciphers have the benefit of hiding the letter frequency of the basic language. Therefore attacker cannot use individual letter frequency static to divide the ciphertext.The first Polyalphabetic cipher was the Alberti Cipher ... Read More
IDEA stands for the International Data Encryption Algorithm. IDEA is a symmetric-key block cipher. It is denoted the same key can be used to encrypt the plaintext and decrypt the ciphertext.IDEA needed both the encrypting and decrypting parties to have a secret key that is different from a public-key and other asymmetric encryption schemes. The secret key popular to the encrypting party.IDEA is a patented and universally accessible block encryption algorithm, which allows the effective protection of transmitted and stored information against unauthorized access by third parties.The fundamental element for the development of IDEA were military durability for all security ... Read More
If you've ever tried to administer a network, you know how difficult it can be, especially for a newbie. For some tasks, the ability to modify your network settings is critical. NAT is one way to control your network settings and security. You've just received that fantastic new game. Therefore it's time for a thrilling match with your pal. You connect and begin playing, but you quickly begin to lose points due to irritating slowness. One of the problems might be your NAT type therefore we'll show you how to alter it on your PC below.What exactly is NAT?NAT, or ... Read More
IDEA is a block cipher and it operates on 64bit plaintext and 128 bit key. IDEA is reversible like DES that is, the equivalent algorithm can be used for encryption and decryption. IDEA needs both diffusion and confusion for encryption.The 64-bit plaintext is divided into four portions of 16bit plaintext (P1 to P4). These are input to the first round. There are eight such rounds. The key includes 128 bits. In each round, six sub-keys are produced from the original key, each of these sub-key includes 16 bits.For the first round it can have key K1 to K6, for second ... Read More
IDEA stands for International Data Encryption Algorithm. IDEA is a block cipher invented by James Massey and Xuejia Lai and was first defined in 1991. It uses 128 bit key length which works on 64 bit blocks.It includes a series of eight identical transformations depend upon bitwise exclusiveor, addition and multiplication modules. It is based upon symmetric cipher and has very weak key design approach therefore security level of the algorithm is very underprivileged as compared to the DES. IDEA not becomes so much famous because of its complex structure.It is an IDEA, unlike the other block cipher algorithms is ... Read More
The Christmas season is a long-awaited time for some of us to let go of the gas pedal, relax with friends and family, and eat our weight in roasted meats. We devour our body weight in roasted meats with our friends and family.Relaxation, on the other hand, is the farthest thing from the minds of shopkeepers. The holidays may either make or break the whole retail year. Q4 accounts for 26.8% of total yearly retail sales across all verticals, which isn't much greater than an ordinary quarter.In certain industries, though, the holiday season is considerably more important. It accounts for ... Read More
Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher algorithm invented by Brute Schneier in December 1993. The Blowfish algorithm has several advantages. It is applicable and efficient for hardware implementation and no license is needed. The elementary operators of Blowfish algorithm contains table lookup, addition and XOR. The table contains four S-boxes and a P-array.Blowfish is a cipher depends on Feistel rounds, and the design of the F-function used amounts to a simplification of the principles used in DES to support the same security with higher speed and effectiveness in software.Blowfish is a 64-bit symmetric block cipher that need a variable-length key ... Read More