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Ransomware has grown in popularity as one of the most serious cyber threats to enterprises, providing a danger of financial loss, corporate instability, and reputational harm. This sort of malware employs sophisticated encryption algorithms that encrypt all files on a computer and prevent them from being accessed until a decryption key is provided. A ransom message is displayed on the device's screen, requesting that the victim pay a particular amount of money (typically in Bitcoin cryptocurrency) in exchange for the passkey (with no certainty of the malicious hackers keeping their promise). WannaCry ransomware was one of the most catastrophic cyber-attacks ... Read More
Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher algorithm invented by Brute Schneier in December 1993. Blowfish is a substitute of DES or IDEA. One of the most popular feistel network ciphers is Blowfish. Blowfish algorithm has 64-bit block size and variable key length from 42 bits to 448 bits. The algorithm includes a key-expansion part, and data-encryption part.Blowfish create the key of at most 448 bits into several subkey arrays the total is 1042 32 bit values or 4168 bytes. It is a 16- round feistel system, which supports very high key-dependent S-boxes and enable 16 iterations.Every round is adapted with ... Read More
Blowfish is the symmetric block cipher algorithm and it encrypts the block information of 64-bits at a time. It follows the Feistel network and the working procedure of this algorithm is divided into two parts.Subkey Generation − This process transform the key upto 448 bits long to subkeys adding 4168 bits.Data-Encryption − In the data encryption process, it will iterate 16 times of network. Each round includes the key-dependent permutation, and the keyand data- dependent substitution. The operations in the algorithms are XORs or additions on 32-bit words. The only additional operations are four indexed array information lookups per round.Let ... Read More
Security is a significant worry for anyone working in IT these days. While there are numerous strategies for safeguarding your data, encryption is one component of protection that every computer user should know. One of the cyber security topics is encryption, which is always in the news, and it's often criticized for disguising terrorist operations by political actors. Anyone with a basic understanding of the various forms of encryptions may believe that this remarkable technology, which is at the heart of internet security and privacy, is being misused.What Is an Encryption Algorithm?A component of electronic data transfer security is an ... Read More
The Blowfish encryption algorithm is a symmetric block cipher designed to achieve in the DES algorithm that was slow and uncertain. Blowfish is a keyed, symmetric cryptographic block cipher invented by Bruce Schneier in 1993 and located in the public domain.Symmetric encryption uses an individual encryption key to both encrypt and decrypt information. The sensitive information and the symmetric encryption key are used within the encryption algorithm to turn the sensitive information into ciphertext. Blowfish is contained in a huge number of cipher suites and encryption products, such as SplashID.A block cipher is generally a computer routine that takes some ... Read More
What is a DoS attack?A denial-of-service attack is a type of cyber-attack where the perpetrator tries to make a network resource unavailable to its intended users by stopping the services of a host connected to the Internet for a certain length of time or indefinitely. Denial of service is often accomplished by flooding a targeted computer or resource with unnecessary requests that could cause systems to become overburdened, preventing any or all genuine requests from being fulfilled.In a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, the incoming traffic flooding the target comes from various places. This renders stopping the attack by just preventing ... Read More
The strength of DES is as follows −Use of 56 bit keys56 bit key can be frequently used in encryption. There are 256 possible keys. A brute force attack on such number of keys is impossible.A machine implementing one DES encryption per microsecond would take more than thousands of years to divide the cipher.The assumption of one encryption per microsecond is excessively moderate. Diffie and Hellman postulated that the technology existed to develop a parallel machine with one million encryption equipment, each of which can implement one encryption per microsecond.It is necessary that there is more to key-search attack than ... Read More
There are some popular examples of Block Cipher which are as follows −The CAST Block Cipher − The CAST Block Cipher is an advancement of the DES block cipher, introduced in Canada by Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares. The name of the cipher appear to be after the initials of the inventors. The CAST algorithm has 64 bit block size and has a key of size 64 bits.CAST is based on the Feistel structure to perform the substitution permutation network. The authors defines that they need the Feistel mechanism, as it is well considered and free of basic structural weaknesses.Blowfish ... Read More
Weaknesses in Cipher Design − Some weaknesses that have been discovered in the design of cipher are as follows −S-boxes − There are three weaknesses have been discovered in S-boxes which are as follows −In S-box 4, the last three output bits can be changed in the same method as the first output bit by integrating some of the input bits.Two particularly chosen inputs to an S-box array can generate the same output.It is possible to acquire the same output in an individual round by converting bits in only three neighboring S-boxes.D-boxes − One mystery and one weakness were discovered ... Read More
The Data Encryption Standards (DES) algorithm was invented by IBM in the early 1970s. The two main element of the DES-based system are an algorithm and a key. The DES algorithm is a complex interactive procedure includes substitutions, permutations, and mathematical operations.The key feature of DES is that the algorithms is fixed and is public data. But the actual key used is shared secret among the originator and the receiver of a transmission. Advances in DES contains lengthening a key to 128 bits and the multi-pass DES which include multiple passes usually three of encryption and decryption using multiple keys.In ... Read More