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Keywords P1 bacteriophages, bacterial artificial chromosome, bacteria, DNA cloning vectors, DNA fragments, Escherichia coli, yeast artificial chromosomes, complex genomes, gene cluster, restriction enzyme, ligation, restriction sites. Introduction P1-derived artificial chromosome, or PAC, is a DNA construct derived from the DNA of P1 bacteriophages and Bacterial artificial chromosome. It can carry large amounts of about 100-300 kilobases of other sequences for a variety of bioengineering purposes in bacteria. It is one type of efficient cloning vector used to clone DNA fragments (100-300 kb insert size; average, 150 kb) in Escherichia coli cells. DNA cloning vectors containing regions of the P1 phage ... Read More
Welcome to this in-depth tutorial on how to write a Python program to find the smallest word in a sentence. Whether you are a beginner or an intermediate Python programmer, this guide will offer the knowledge and skills necessary to use Python's powerful features in text manipulation. Problem Statement Given a sentence, our task is to find the smallest word. The "smallest" word refers to the word with the fewest characters. In case of a tie, we'll return the first occurring smallest word. Approach We start by splitting the sentence into words, which we'll accomplish by using spaces as the ... Read More
Keywords Microencapsulated dyes and pigments, liposomes, in-situ polymerization, interfacial polymerization, coacervation, molecular complexation, textiles, fragrance, phase-change materials. Introduction Microencapsulation can be used to deliver everything from improved nutrition to extended shelf life. In fact, it’s one of the greatest opportunities to expand a brand’s potential. A wide range of chemical-based microencapsulation technologies have been applied widely within the textile industry, concentrating on specific applications within the dyeing and printing sectors. The textile roots of microencapsulation technology were introduced as were the wide range of applications in food and other business sectors. In general, the number of commercial applications in the ... Read More
In the problem mentioned our aim is to find the nth missing number in the given array and implement its solution in Javascript. To solve this question we will use a for loop and some basic functions of Javascript. Logic for the given problem Our task is to find the nth number which is missing in the array. For solving this problem we will define two variables to know the position of the missing number and previous element. So traverse through the input array and check for the missing items between the current and previous items. If the missing ... Read More
Keywords Mobile genetic elements, class 1 integron, horizontal or lateral gene transfer, homologous recombination, transposition, transformation, conjugation, transduction, antibiotic resistance. Introduction Integrons are genetic elements able to acquire and rearrange open reading frames (ORFs) embedded in gene cassette units and convert them to functional genes by ensuring their correct expression. They are widely known for their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, particularly among gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Their role has been broadened with the discovery of chromosomal integron (CI) structures in the genomes of hundreds of bacterial species. Integrons are chromosomal elements, and their mobilization onto plasmids has been ... Read More
In this problem statement, our task is to find the longest substring between two same characters with the help of Javascript functionalities. This task can be done with the help of map function to keep track of the two same characters. Logic for the given problem The problem stated that we have to find the longest substring between two same characters in the given string. For example if we have a string like 'abcdefa', there are two same characters 'a' that have 5 characters called 'bcdef', so this will be called longest substring. For implementing the above given problem, ... Read More
In this article, we will discuss how to modify a given string in C++ by rearranging the vowels in alphabetical order at their respective indices. We will also explain the approach used to solve this problem and provide an example with a test case. Problem Statement Given a string, rearrange the vowels in alphabetical order at their respective indices. The consonants in the string should remain in their original order. For example, given the string "tutorialspoint", the output should be "tatiriolspount". Approach The problem can be solved using a simple algorithm. We can first create a separate string that contains ... Read More
Keywords Cell lysis, cell wall engineering, downstream processing, microbial fermentation, morphology engineering, synthetic biology. Introduction Microbial fermentation is a chemical change caused by the life activity of microorganisms, and different microorganisms cause different fermentation and produce different fermentation products. The fermentation of microorganisms is not just to make food, but an industrial sector in modern mass production. This emphasizes the use of fermentation and genetic improvement of key strains in the production of organic feed and biofertilizers. The influence of microorganisms on wine making begins in the vineyard and develops through fermentation and storage or aging of the wine. In ... Read More
A common task when working with strings is to make sure that a string adheres to certain conditions. One of these conditions could be to ensure that every substring of length K in the string contains unique characters only. This is a frequent requirement in problems related to data encoding, string manipulation, and cryptography. Problem Statement The problem we are trying to solve can be stated as follows − Given a string str and an integer K, modify the string by inserting characters such that every substring of length K in the string contains unique characters only. Proposed Solution We ... Read More
In this problem statement, we are required to find all the possible numbers in an array that can sum to a given target value with the help of Javascript functionalities. This task can be done with the help of some built in functions of Javascript or we can solve it by multiple for loops. Logic for the given problem The problem stated that we have to get the possible numbers in an array which can give the exact value as target value by summing them up with the help of Javascript functionalities. As we have to find out the numbers ... Read More