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Keywords Mobile genetic elements, class 1 integron, horizontal or lateral gene transfer, homologous recombination, transposition, transformation, conjugation, transduction, antibiotic resistance. Introduction Integrons are genetic elements able to acquire and rearrange open reading frames (ORFs) embedded in gene cassette units and convert them to functional genes by ensuring their correct expression. They are widely known for their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, particularly among gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Their role has been broadened with the discovery of chromosomal integron (CI) structures in the genomes of hundreds of bacterial species. Integrons are chromosomal elements, and their mobilization onto plasmids has been ... Read More
In this problem statement, our task is to find the longest substring between two same characters with the help of Javascript functionalities. This task can be done with the help of map function to keep track of the two same characters. Logic for the given problem The problem stated that we have to find the longest substring between two same characters in the given string. For example if we have a string like 'abcdefa', there are two same characters 'a' that have 5 characters called 'bcdef', so this will be called longest substring. For implementing the above given problem, ... Read More
In this article, we will discuss how to modify a given string in C++ by rearranging the vowels in alphabetical order at their respective indices. We will also explain the approach used to solve this problem and provide an example with a test case. Problem Statement Given a string, rearrange the vowels in alphabetical order at their respective indices. The consonants in the string should remain in their original order. For example, given the string "tutorialspoint", the output should be "tatiriolspount". Approach The problem can be solved using a simple algorithm. We can first create a separate string that contains ... Read More
Keywords Cell lysis, cell wall engineering, downstream processing, microbial fermentation, morphology engineering, synthetic biology. Introduction Microbial fermentation is a chemical change caused by the life activity of microorganisms, and different microorganisms cause different fermentation and produce different fermentation products. The fermentation of microorganisms is not just to make food, but an industrial sector in modern mass production. This emphasizes the use of fermentation and genetic improvement of key strains in the production of organic feed and biofertilizers. The influence of microorganisms on wine making begins in the vineyard and develops through fermentation and storage or aging of the wine. In ... Read More
A common task when working with strings is to make sure that a string adheres to certain conditions. One of these conditions could be to ensure that every substring of length K in the string contains unique characters only. This is a frequent requirement in problems related to data encoding, string manipulation, and cryptography. Problem Statement The problem we are trying to solve can be stated as follows − Given a string str and an integer K, modify the string by inserting characters such that every substring of length K in the string contains unique characters only. Proposed Solution We ... Read More
In this problem statement, we are required to find all the possible numbers in an array that can sum to a given target value with the help of Javascript functionalities. This task can be done with the help of some built in functions of Javascript or we can solve it by multiple for loops. Logic for the given problem The problem stated that we have to get the possible numbers in an array which can give the exact value as target value by summing them up with the help of Javascript functionalities. As we have to find out the numbers ... Read More
In this problem statement, our task is to find the number of spaces in a string with the help of Javascript functionalities. This task can be done with the help of the split method of Javascript. This method can be useful to split the string into an array of substrings as per the spaces. Logic for the given problem The problem stated that we have to find the number of spaces in a given string and we will use the split method. So at the very first step we will split the string and create an array of substrings as ... Read More
Keywords Mass transfer, industrial processes, mass transfer coefficient, driving force concentration, fluid mixtures, porous solid, flux, turbulence. Introduction Mass transfer is the net movement of mass such as stream, phase, fraction, or component from one location to another. Many processes, including absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation, involve mass transfer. Different scientific disciplines use mass transfer for various processes and mechanisms. A common example of a mass transfer process is evaporation of water into the atmosphere from a pond. Mass transfer operations in industrial processes include chemical component separation in distillation columns, absorbers such as scrubbers or stripping, ... Read More
In the given problem statement our task is to write the function for fetching the numbers with an even number of digits with the help of Javascript. For solving this task we will use a for loop and push every even number in the array. Understanding the problem statement The problem statement is to write a function which will take an array of numbers as input and return the array for containing only numbers that have an even number of digits. For example if we have an input array is [1 ,2 , 3, 4, 5] the function should return ... Read More
Changing the default shell in Linux is simple, it gives you the freedom to use any shell accordingly. The default shell of most Linux systems is 'bash, ' which you replace from any other shell such as sh, fish, dash, zsh, etc. There can be many reasons in Linux why you need to change your default shell; some of the main reasons are as follows − To disable or block normal user logins using a nologin shell. Change the default shell on a shared network to meet the user's specific demands. It is associated with many administrative rights. A ... Read More