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Keywords Complementary DNA, transcriptome, mRNA, eukaryotic cells, bacterial cell, genomic DNA. Introduction A cDNA library is a combination of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) fragments inserted into a collection of host cells, which constitute some portion of the transcriptome of the organism and are stored as a "library". cDNA is produced from fully transcribed mRNA found in the nucleus and therefore contains only the expressed genes of an organism. In eukaryotic cells the mature mRNA is already spliced, hence the cDNA produced lacks introns and can be readily expressed in a bacterial cell. Information in cDNA libraries is a powerful and ... Read More
Sometimes, You need to connect your system on two different remote servers. In this condition, you can remove and troubleshoot connectivity issues by enabling debugging or verbose mode of these servers using the SSH command. By enabling the debugging mode in SSH, you can see the detailed information related to the SSH connection. You can also check the exchanged data between client and server. Using the -v option, you can run SSH in verbose mode. Running SSH in verbose mode prints debugging information about progress for authentication, debugging connections, or any configuration problems encountered. In this guide, we will explain ... Read More
Keywords Bacterial genomes, antibiotic-resistant pathogens, genome evolution, integrons, Gram-negative pathogens, antibiotic resistance. Introduction Integrons are genetic elements that allow efficient capture and expression of exogenous genes. They are widely known for their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, particularly among Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Exploration of integron diversity in natural environments has shown that they are more than just a curious feature of antibiotic-resistant pathogens but have a more general and important role in bacterial adaptation and genome evolution. Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. They are ancient elements that are a hot spot for ... Read More
ELK Stack is one of the best tools to view and handle files in the ELK Stack or the Elastic Stack. This tool consists of E- Elasticsearch, L- Logstash, and K- Kibana, the three open-source tools. ELK Stack tools are used to process and analyze large amounts of data in real time. However, Beats is an open and independent platform for single-purpose data shippers. It sends data from hundreds or thousands of systems and machines to Elasticsearch or Logstash. ELK Stack is widely used in various industries, such as healthcare, finance, and IT, for troubleshooting, monitoring, and log analysis. So ... Read More
Keywords Bioinformatics, biotic and abiotic, GWAS, NGS, plant breeding, plant sequencing, plant pathogen, sequence analysis, computational proteomics, microarray data analysis, bio-ontology, biological database. Introduction Bioinformatics plays an essential role in today's plant science. As the amount of data grows exponentially, there is a parallel growth in the demand for tools and methods in data management, visualization, integration, analysis, modeling, and prediction. Major advances in molecular biology and genomic technologies have led to an exponential growth in biological information. In plant biotechnology, the amount of information has multiplied exponentially with many databases available from many individual plant species. Efficient bioinformatics tools ... Read More
In the given problem statement we will write a function to calculate the days between the given dates with the help of Javascript functionalities. For solving this problem we will use some built in method of Javascript and mathematical operations. Understanding the problem statement In the given problem we have to create a function to compute the number of days as outcome after calling the function by passing two dates. And this task can be done using Date object and basic math. For example if we have two dates like 2023-02-15 and 2023-02-25, so between these dates there are 10 ... Read More
In this article, we will delve into a specific aspect of string handling in C++: the string::npos constant. string::npos is a static member constant value with the greatest possible value for an element of type size_t. This constant is defined with a value of -1, which, when cast to size_t, gives us the largest possible representation for size_t. In the context of strings in C++, it is generally used to indicate an invalid position. What is String::npos? In C++, string::npos is a constant static member of the std::string class that represents the maximum possible value for the size_t type. It ... Read More
In this problem statement, our aim is to find the distance between items on an array with the help of Javascript. So for doing this task we will use a loop and a variable to store the id for each object in the JSON object. Understanding the problem statement The problem statement is to write a function in Javascript by which we can find the distance between items on an array. If we have an array, the distance will be measured by counting the index numbers from the first item from where we have to measure the distance. For example ... Read More
Our work in this problem statement is to find the pair of adjacent elements that has the largest product and return the product if we have given an array. And we have to implement this problem with the help of Javascript functionalities. Logic for the given problem In the given problem statement we have to calculate the product of the largest elements in the array and show the resultant output to the console. So we will implement this problem with two methods: first is by using the infinity and second without using infinity. Infinity is a global object. The ... Read More
In the given problem statement we have to write a function which will help to get the key of the given value with the usage of Javascript functionalities. So basically in Javascript if we want to access the keys or value from the given object we can access it by dot notation or bracket notation. Understanding the problem statement The problem statement says that we have to find a key from a value in a Javascript object. That means we are given a Javascript object and a value so we need to find the corresponding key which maps to that ... Read More