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In the provided problem statement, our aim is to get all substrings of a string recursively with the help of Javascript. So here we will be creating a recursive function that can generate all possible substrings of a given input string. Understanding the problem statement The problem statement is asking us to create a recursive function which can generate all the possible substrings of a given input string with the help of Javascript. A substring is any continuous sequence of characters within the input string. For example: input strings “xy" so the possible substrings are "x", "y", and "xy". Algorithm ... Read More
In this problem statement, our target is to print the n consecutive odd numbers and implement this problem with the help of Javascript functionalities. So we can solve this problem with the help of loops in Javascript. Understanding the problem statement The given problem is stating that we have given a string to which we have to reverse the string. In simple terms we can say that if we have the string “Hello”, the reverse of this string will be “olleH”. Logic for the given problem For solving the above problem we need to have the basic knowledge of ... Read More
In this problem statement, our aim is to create a function to find out that the given string is palindrome with the help of Javascript functionalities. So for solving this problem first we need to understand the problem in simple terms. Understanding the problem statement We have given a string as an input string and our main aim is to check if the string is a palindrome string or not. If it is palindrome then return true otherwise return false. What do you mean by palindrome? In the given problem statement there is the usage of the word palindrome !! ... Read More
There are various commands in Linux to copy directories from one destination to another. In Linux, you can copy a directory recursively using the -R option with the cp command that copies the source directory, including all its files, to the destination. Conversely, sometimes we need to copy only the empty directory structure to a different target directory without copying its files from the source directory. It takes a long time if you copy the directory structure one by one without the files. In this case, you can use some commands in Linux to copy the empty directory structure directly ... Read More
Keywords Antimicrobial peptides, phagemids, targeted bacterial killing, bacterial toxins, synthetic gene networks, bacteriophage resistance, bacteriophage particle, bacterial host. Introduction A phagemid or phasmid is a DNA-based cloning vector, which has both bacteriophage and plasmid properties. These vectors carry, in addition to the origin of plasmid replication, an origin of replication derived from bacteriophage. Unlike commonly used plasmids, phagemid vectors differ by having the ability to be packaged into the capsid of a bacteriophage, due to their having a genetic sequence that signals for packaging. Phagemids are used in a variety of biotechnology applications; for example, they can be used in ... Read More
Keywords Shotgun sequencing, whole genome sequencing, DNA sequence, chain termination, fragmentation, sequencing, Sanger sequencing. Introduction Shotgun sequencing was one of the precursor technologies that was responsible for enabling whole genome sequencing. Shotgun sequencing is a laboratory technique for determining the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome in genetics. The method involves randomly breaking up the genome into small DNA fragments that are sequenced individually using the chain termination. Multiple overlapping reads for the target DNA are obtained by performing several rounds of this fragmentation and sequencing. A computer program looks for overlaps in the DNA sequences, using them to reassemble ... Read More
Keywords Artificial cell, biomimetic, cell therapy, liver diseases, stem cell, gene therapy, cell transplant, bioartificial liver, regenerative medicine, cell therapy. Introduction Liver diseases have become an increasing health burden accounting for millions of deaths every year globally. Standard therapies including liver transplant and cell therapy offer a promising treatment for liver diseases, but they also suffer limitations such as adverse immune reactions and lack of long-term efficacy. Artificial cells that mimic certain functions of a living cell have emerged as a new strategy to overcome some of the challenges that liver cell therapy faces at present. Artificial cells have demonstrated ... Read More
Keywords Yeast, ethanol, packed bed reactor, continuous fermentation, alternate control strategy, bioethanol, cell immobilization, dilute acid hydrolysis. Introduction Immobilized cell fermentation techniques discuss the effects of immobilization on cell physiology, metabolism, genetics, and fermentation behavior, and various types of immobilized cell bioreactor systems and their applications in fermentation. Bioethanol is a renewable fuel from different kinds of renewable feedstock such as sugar cane, corn, wheat, cassava, and cellulose biomass. A variety of immobilized cell bioreactors have been developed to optimize the fermentation processes. Immobilized cells are currently being used industrially for vinegar, organic, and amino acid production, as well as ... Read More
Keywords P1 bacteriophages, bacterial artificial chromosome, bacteria, DNA cloning vectors, DNA fragments, Escherichia coli, yeast artificial chromosomes, complex genomes, gene cluster, restriction enzyme, ligation, restriction sites. Introduction P1-derived artificial chromosome, or PAC, is a DNA construct derived from the DNA of P1 bacteriophages and Bacterial artificial chromosome. It can carry large amounts of about 100-300 kilobases of other sequences for a variety of bioengineering purposes in bacteria. It is one type of efficient cloning vector used to clone DNA fragments (100-300 kb insert size; average, 150 kb) in Escherichia coli cells. DNA cloning vectors containing regions of the P1 phage ... Read More
Welcome to this in-depth tutorial on how to write a Python program to find the smallest word in a sentence. Whether you are a beginner or an intermediate Python programmer, this guide will offer the knowledge and skills necessary to use Python's powerful features in text manipulation. Problem Statement Given a sentence, our task is to find the smallest word. The "smallest" word refers to the word with the fewest characters. In case of a tie, we'll return the first occurring smallest word. Approach We start by splitting the sentence into words, which we'll accomplish by using spaces as the ... Read More